40 STUDIES IN BIRD-IMIGRATION 



them more or less out of their ordinary course when on 

 passage. 



These casuals form a very numerous section of the 

 British avifauna, for no less than two hundred different 

 kinds have from time to time occurred in our isles. 



The American species which find their way to our 

 shores unaided, are birds which have a high northern 

 summer range, and they doubtless reach us after having 

 travelled by way of Greenland, Iceland, and the Faroes, 

 not by an impossible passage across the open Atlantic. 

 In this way their voyages are not more wonderful than 

 those annually performed by the Wheatear, Redwing, 

 Whimbrel, and others along similar lines of flight. 



It is not necessary to give a complete list of the 

 species forming the imposing array of Irregular Visitors. 

 The following selection has been prepared with the view 

 of affording some indication of the wide range of the 

 orders to which these gypsy-migrants belong, and 

 whence they have wandered to reach our isles. 



The following are the more important — i.e., most 



frequent — visitors from Continental Europe, whence, 



naturally, most of these casuals come : — 



Nutcracker, Nucifraga caryocatactes. 

 Rose-coloured Starling, Pastor roseus. 

 Little Bunting, Emberiza piisilla. 

 Rustic Bunting, Emberiza rustica. 

 Black-headed Bunting, Emberiza melanocephala. 

 Pine-Grosbeak, Pinicola enucleator. 

 Serin Finch, Sertnus serinus. 

 Short-toed Lark, Calatidrella brachydadyla. 

 Crested Lark, Gakrida cristata. 

 Rkd-throated Pipit, Anthus ccrvinu.s. 

 Tawny Pipit, Anthus campestris. 

 Richard's Pipit, Antlms richardi. 

 Water-Pipit, Anthus spinoktta. 



