GEOGRAPHICAL ASPECTS 97 



country migration in the Bi7'ds of Cumberland (p. 12). 

 In that work three Hnes were indicated by which 

 migrants arrived in the county in the autumn, and which 

 appeared to be reverted to by many species on their 

 spring emigration. These are : (i) a Hne starting from 

 Berwick, and, passing from north-east to south-west, 

 so as to culminate on the Solway Basin ; (2) a line from 

 Tynemouth, which, following the rivers Tyne and Irthing, 

 would meet the first line on the Solway ; (3) a line from 

 the Durham coast, which, passing through Weardale or 

 Teesdale, would enter Cumberland, near Alston, thence 

 trending south-west to the Ravenglass and Duddon 

 estuaries. 



Solway. — The late Mr Service favoured me with the 

 following interesting information, the result of particu- 

 larly ripe experience, relating to overland migration 

 in the Scottish section of the Solway area. There is, 

 he stated, an extremely well-marked line of migration to 

 and from the Solway in the direction of the Clyde — a 

 short cut from the Ayrshire coast, and the most important 

 route to and from the Solway for waders and swimmers, 

 which follow it in great numbers. The route north- 

 wards is up the Nith, across the hills near Cumnock, and 

 then straight to the shore north of Ayr. There is also 

 a direct east-to-west route, and vice versa, according to the 

 season, taken by Fieldfares, Redwings, Skylarks, Snipe, 

 Woodcocks, etc. To be quite correct, it is a little north 

 of east in the autumn, and a little to the south of west 

 in the spring. 



Forth, Clyde, and Solway. — Mr William Evans has 



supplied me with the following statement relative to the 



passage of certain species between these areas : — Many 



birds undoubtedly cross Scotland every autumn by way 



I. G 



