GEOGRAPHICAL ASPECTS 99 



true birds of passage traverse these routes, but Mr 

 Evans considers it highly probable that a number of 

 summer visitors — Wheatears, Ring-Ouzels, Redstarts, 

 Pied Flycatchers, for instance — reach their breeding 

 grounds in the central parts of the southern section of 

 Scotland by way of them. 



Forth and Clyde. — Mr Harvie- Brown has indicated 

 that there is a much-used overland route between Forth 

 and Clyde. Me often hears migrants passing during 

 the night over Dunipace, and proceeding from east to 

 west during the autumn, and towards the east and 

 north-east in spring. 



Ireland. — Mr Allan Fllison {Zoologist, 1885, p. 18) 

 mentions a north-east to south-west overland route 

 from Co. Wicklow, via Shillelagh, to the south-west of 

 Ireland, used by Starlings, Fieldfares, Redwings, Sky- 

 larks, and Golden Plovers. 



The Shannon and its lakes, Mr Ussher (Irish 

 Naturalist, 1905, p. 125) tells us, afford a north-to- 

 south route, while another very easy route for wild-fowl 

 passing from Killala Bay to Gal way Bay, is by way of 

 lakes Corrib, Mask, and Conn. 



Other Routes. — The overland highways of some 

 species are determined by the special nature of their food 

 or by a predilection for certain peculiar haunts — con- 

 siderations which exert not a little influence on the 

 courses followed by some migrants when passing to and 

 from their British nesting haunts — the Greenshank, 

 Dotterel, Whimbrel, among others. 



Some Greenshanks [Totanus nebularitis), probably 

 on quitting their nesting grounds in the Scottish High- 

 lands, move southwards overland, proceeding from 

 one sheet of water to another, or from river to river. 



