THE BRITISH ISLES: AUTUMN 151 



and granivorous sections of the order Passeres — Song- 

 Thrushes, Blackbirds, Ring-Ouzels, Redwings, Fieldfares 

 (a few), Chaffinches, Bramblings, Siskins, Mealy Red- 

 polls, and Skylarks — begin to appear on our shores, 

 usually in small numbers, but sometimes in flocks con- 

 taining many individuals. All the species named, except 

 the Ring-Ouzel, comprise winter guests with us, as well 

 as visitors bound for more southern retreats. 



The arrivals of northern migrants belonging to the 

 great group of birds popularly known as "waders,'' and 

 including the plovers, sandpipers, and snipes, continue 

 throughout the month, and the movements of many of the 

 species — the Grey Plover, Little Stint, Curlew Sandpiper, 

 Sanderling, Ruff, Bar-tailed Godwit, and Whimbrel — 

 reach their maximum importance. On the other hand, 

 some, such as the Woodcock, only occasionally appear 

 among us as stragglers, or as scouts in advance of the 

 vanguard. Many species of ducks and several of geese 

 also make their appearance from the north ; among 

 them the White-fronted Goose, Bean-Goose, Pink-footed 

 Goose, Barnacle-Goose, Brent-Goose, Mallard, Teal, 

 Wigeon, Scaup, Golden-eye, Long-tailed Duck, and 

 Common and Velvet Scoters. 



Among the more interesting of the September 

 passage-migrants are the Greater Wheatear, Red-spotted 

 Bluethroat, Barred- Warbler, Yellow-browed Warbler, 

 Icterine Warbler, Pied Flycatcher, Grey-headed Wag- 

 tail, Lapland Bunting, Ortolan Bunting, Honey-Buzzard, 

 Osprey, Wood- Sandpiper, Dotterel, Great Snipe, and 

 Dusky Redshank. 



Much information regarding the passage move- 

 ments of these migrrants from the north will be found 

 in the studies devoted to Fair Isle, St Kilda, and 



