THE BRITISH ISLES: AUTUMN 155 



their vicinity, during the month. These are not usually 

 emigrating British birds, but travellers from other 

 countries (chieHy northern ones), visiting our shores as 

 birds of passage on their way to distant winter retreats, 

 and as such their movements have already been noticed. 



November. — The normal conditions of the northern 

 winter now prevail on the Continent. 



The migratory movements of the month are a 

 continuation of the arrival from the north and east of 

 winter visitors to our isles, and of birds of passage on 

 their way further south. These birds are of the same 

 species as those described as being typical October 

 migrants, and they appear in considerable numbers 

 down to the third week of the month, after which 

 stragglers only are usually observed. 



The Whooper and Bewick's Swans, various species 

 of Duck, Slavonian and Red-necked Grebes, and the 

 Little Auk, appear in force ; and it is the month for 

 the occurrence of the Waxwing, when that beautiful 

 " Bohemian" appears among us. 



Certain other species have been known to occur in 

 November, but their appearance so very late in the 

 season must be regarded, in most cases, as somewhat 

 exceptional ; these are the Wheatear, Redstart, Black- 

 cap, Willow- Warbler, Chiffchaff, White Wagtail, Tree- 

 Pipit, Swallow, House-Martin, Sand-Martin, Hoopoe, 

 and Common Sandpiper. 



AMhtmn Casual Visitors. — The autumn occurrences 

 of casual visitors are far in excess, both in numbers and 

 kinds, of those recorded for spring. This is readily 

 accounted for by the number of young birds which are 



