176 STUDIES IN BIRD-MIGRATION 



well illustrates the influence of such favourable condi- 

 tions. On nth May 1 910, after a prolonged period of 

 northerly and westerly winds, during which few or no 

 migratory movements were observed, the wind changed 

 to south and gradually to east, and varied between these 

 points until the 22nd. The effect of this change was 

 marvellous ; the long-held-up Birds of Passage, on their 

 way northwards, arrived during the night of the nth 

 or the early hours of the 12th in extraordinary numbers, 

 and afforded the Duchess of Bedford and myself a 

 most interesting as well as a busy time. During this 

 period numbers of species came under our notice, but 

 doubtless many others escaped our most assiduous 

 attentions by resorting to the face of the great cliffs, 

 where it was impossible to detect them ; those observed 

 were Mistle-Thrushes, Song-Thrushes, Fieldfares, Ring- 

 Ouzels, Wheatears, Greater Wheatears, Whinchats, 

 Redstarts, Black Redstarts (two), Red-spotted Blue- 

 throats (a number), White-spotted Bluethroat (male), 

 Redbreasts, Whitethroats, Lesser Whitethroats, Black- 

 caps, Chiffchaffs, Willow - Warblers, Wood - Warblers, 

 Sedge - Warblers, Hedge - Accentors, White Wagtails, 

 Blue-headed Wagtails, Grey-headed Wagtails, Tree- 

 Pipits, Meadow - Pipits, Red - backed Shrikes, Pied 

 Flycatchers, Spotted Flycatchers, Swallows, House- 

 Martins, Sand - Martins, Siskins, Chaffinches, Bram- 

 blings. Ortolan Buntings, Reed- Buntings, Goatsucker, 

 Wrynecks, Hoopoe, Cuckoos, Long-eared Owl, Merlins, 

 Kestrels, Ring Doves, Corn-Crakes, Golden Plovers, 

 Lapwings, Great Snipe, Common Snipe, Dunlins, 

 Common Sandpipers, Green Sandpiper, Redshanks, and 

 Whimbrel. 



The movements from east to west, and vice versa, 



