202 STUDIES IN BIRD-MIGRATION 



reach that far - western route by way of the Faroes, 

 which islands are visited annually in the autumn' — an 

 interesting fact, since the bird does not summer in 

 Iceland, and, moreover, one which indicates an astonish- 

 ing extension westwards of the right wing of the hosts 

 moving southwards on the approach of winter. 



AiUiimn Passage and Einigration. — The autumn 

 passage from the northern summer haunts to winter 

 quarters beyond the British Isles is chiefly observed on 

 our east coast during the latter half of October and the 

 first half of November — the two sets of migratory Field- 

 fares (the British and South- Western European winter 

 visitors) doubtless arriving in company. Thus many 

 Fieldfares quit our southern shores very shortly after 

 their arrival, and consequently the dates of immigration 

 and emigration closely correspond. A number of the 

 migrants observed on the west coast also proceed south- 

 wards ; some of them along the east coast of Ireland, 

 and thence across St George's Channel ; others by 

 way of the west coast of England and Wales. These 

 birds finally quit our shores at points on the western 

 section of the south coast of England, particularly 

 between the Eddystone and the Scilly Isles. 



Winter Movements and Ei)iigratio7i.— On the advent 

 of snow and cold, the Fieldfares quit the higher grounds, 

 which form their usual winter quarters in our islands, and 

 seek the lowlands, the coast, ^ and the islands lying off it. 



* Mr Knud Andersen informs me that some Fieldfares occur on migra- 

 tion in both spring and autumn at the Faroes. 



" The appearance of this bird in numbers on the coast in winter has led 

 some observers to suppose that a renewal of the immigratory movements 

 from Northern Europe has occurred, whereas it is directly associated with 

 and is the result of the weather conditions prevailing in our islands, which 

 have driven the wintering Fieldfares from the inland districts. 



