riii: MKiUATioNs oi rin: lapwing 241 



begin to emigrate, and by the middle of the month, or 

 before, all save a few stragglers have departed from the 

 northern group. Many, too, quit the higher ground on 

 the mainland, especially in Scotland. These decided 

 emigrations result in movements southwards or to- 

 wards the shore, which are chiefly in evidence on 

 both the coasts of Scotland and those of the north of 

 England.^ 



During October the autumnal movements reach 

 their maximum, while a number of foreigners arrive 

 whose movements will be treated of immediately. The 

 higher breeding grounds are then entirely deserted for 

 the cold season, and much emigration is also in 

 progress from the northern and inland districts and 

 from the Hebrides to accustomed winter quarters, 

 such as lowlands in the vicinity of the coast — especially 

 near estuaries — and the southern counties generally, 

 including the Scilly Isles, which are annually resorted 

 to from October onwards. Many, however, remain 

 during mild winters in suitable haunts in northern 

 Scotland, as in the neighbourhood of the Beauly and 

 Moray Firths, where the climatic conditions are ex- 

 ceptionally favourable. The British October migrants 

 are observed on all sections of the coast, and the 

 movements southwards are no doubt augmented by 

 the presence of immigrants from Northern Europe. 



The movements during the first half of November 

 are a continuation of those of October. By about the 

 middle of the month, the birds have usually settled down 

 for the winter, or until they are compelled to move by 



' At the Inner Fame Island, on 26th September 1882, "thousands" are 

 recorded as having appeared, along with a few Golden Plovers and many 

 Curlews. 



I. Q 



