242 STUDIES IN BIRD-MIGRATION 



the pressure of adverse weather and its effect on their 

 food supplies. A small number remain in the Hebrides 

 until the first onset of frost, the species being resident 

 there in mild seasons. 



Although a few records, both Scottish and Irish, point 

 to some immigration into Ireland from northern Britain 

 in September, it is not until October and November 

 that such movements are regularly observed. The main 

 lines of intermigration lie between the Mull of Cantyre 

 and the Solway and the coasts of Antrim and Down ; 

 while birds quitting or traversing the Hebrides reach the 

 shores of Donegal, some of them by way of Tory Island. 

 During October and November, too, there is some 

 evidence of the arrival of Lapwings in Ireland from the 

 south-east by a passage, chiefly observed during the day- 

 time, across St George's Channel to the Wexford and 

 adjacent coasts. Certain of the later November Irish 

 immigrations are associated with the setting in of more 

 or less severe weather in Scotland. 



Aiitiunn Emigration froui Britain.— h. number of 

 our native Lapwings quit the southern shores of England 

 late in September, departing at night in company with 

 other summer visitors, such as Ring-Ouzels, Wheatears, 

 Whitethroats, Grasshopper- Warblers, Sedge- Warblers, 

 Pied and Spotted Flycatchers, Pied and Yellow Wag- 

 tails, Turtle-Doves, etc., etc.^ These departure move- 

 ments continue during October, when the British 

 Lapwings are joined by the autumnal visitors which 

 have arrived from the Continent. 



^ A Lapwing-, "ringed" as a nestling at Glenorchard, Stirlingshire, on 

 17th June 1909, was shot on 17th November about twenty miles west of 

 Pau in south-west France. Another "ringed" British Lapwing was re- 

 covered in Portugal. 



