266 STUDIES IN BIRD-MIGRATION 



to winter in England and Ireland, others to proceed, as 

 birds of passage, to South-Western Europe for the cold 

 season. 



5. Later in the autumn (October and November) 

 considerable numbers of immigrants from Scandinavia 

 arrive on our northern and north-eastern shores, many 

 of which winter in Great Britain and Ireland, while 

 others proceed on passage to winter in Southern Europe. 



6. Durino- these autumnal movements Starling's some- 

 times overshoot our western limits, and are observed far 

 out in the Atlantic. 



7. On the advent of severe cold the would-be winter 

 residents (chiefly our Continental guests) fly to the 

 southern and western districts (especially the coasts) of 

 Great Britain and Ireland, and in winters or shorter 

 periods of exceptional severity many quit our isles for 

 more southern asylums on the Continent. 



8. In February the birds which have wintered in 

 other portions of the British area begin to return to 

 their summer quarters. 



9. The earliest days of spring, and even the latest 

 of winter (February and March), witness the return 

 from their winter quarters in Southern Europe of the 

 Starlings which are summer visitors to the British 

 Isles. 



10. About the same time the refugees which were 

 forced to quit our isles during the winter also return to 

 our shores. 



11. Early in spring, too (during mid-February and 

 March), the Central European birds which have wintered 

 with us depart eastwards for their summer homes on the 

 Continent. 



12. Later (in March and during April), the Scandi- 



