122 THE GROUSE IN HEALTH AND IN DISEASE 



engorged villi showing up against white fatty-degenerated mucosa and gut walls. 

 Trichostrongylus very abundant. 



(No. 1728.) Villi red and engorged with blood from one end of the cteca 

 to the other, and the redness especially marked on the swellings along the 

 longitudinal ridges. 



(No. 1914.) Cfeca swollen with mucus, pale and translucent. Only a few 

 red villi, but very large numbers of Trichostrongi/lus, and innumerable ova. 



(No. 1215.) Very full of shed mucous cells, or unwholesome, yellow mess, but 

 no active inflammation. Plenty of pigmentation in minute dots. Trichostrongylus 

 very abundant. 



(No. 1827.) A very unhealthy swollen condition with villi uniformly con- 

 gested and red throughout. Trichostrongylus very abundant. Contents of 

 creca clotted and adherent. No redness except in the caeca, though both 

 cestodes were present in soine numbers. 



(No. 1747.) Cteca with excessive numbers of Trichostrongylus; very 

 swollen and full of clotted, tenacious, and bloody mucus. The whole gut 

 excessively unwholesome, large and congested with red villi partly macerated, 

 and their cells being shed. Adhesions — probably i^ost-mortem, due to crystalline 

 precipitate in the serous fluid — were to be found all along the csecal mesenteries 

 and peritoneum. 



(No. 1727.) Cgeca very pale, but with red villi engorged throughout. 



(No. 1602.) No red villi, but excessively unwholesome contents almost dry 

 and very hard in the centre. Trichostrongylus in excessive numbers ; both 

 cpeca very much distended, pale and swollen with mucus. The mesenteric 

 vessels all congested. 



(No. 1369.) Ca3ca full of stiffs orange - coloured mucus, beneath which the 

 gut is thin, red, and inflamed in appearance. 



Many of these ceeca in diseased birds are very thin and red in the middle 

 and upper ends, while the lower open ends contain innumerable red villi. Often 

 it appeared as if not only cells but villi and parts of the mucosa have been shed 

 or detached, perhaps because the mechanical strangulating movements of the 

 Trichostrongylus leave little but the basement-membrane and the wall of the 

 gut, which are there almost transparent. 



One abnormality occurred in connection with one csecum of No. 1266, namely, 

 an intussusception of the free blind end which has a free mesentery. It was 



