"GROUSE DISEASE"— STRONGYLOSIS 215 



is 13 mm. in the male, 19 mm. in the female. Rudolphi's worms — which may belong 

 to more than one species — vary from 39 to 80 mm., and have been described from 

 Lyrurus (Tetrao) tetrix, the Black Grouse, Black-cock, or Grey-hen ; Tetrao 

 urogallus, the Capercailzie ; Gallus gallinaceus, the Common Fowl ; Phasianus 

 colchicus, the Common Pheasant ; Chrysolopkus (Phasianus) pictus, the Golden 

 Pheasant ; Perdix cinerea, the Common Partridge ; and Coturnix communis, the 

 Common Quail. 



We first found specimens of T. longicolle in a Perthshire Grouse which was 

 brought us in the morning we were leaving Blair Atholl for the south in the 

 autumn of 1906. Having once seen it, however, it was soon observed again, 

 though it occurs sparingly. It always lives in the duodenum, sometimes associated 

 with the tapeworm Hymenolepis microps, and sometimes alone. The worms 

 resemble short pieces of very fine white silk i^vide PI. xxxiii.. Figs. 4 and 5). 



This species has two longitudinal rows of dark spots irregularly scattered in 

 two lateral bands. Roughly speaking, there are five or six of the spots in a 

 transverse row ; but they are not regularly arranged. The two bands arise 

 anteriorly in the region of the oesophagus, and as they pass backward they become 

 somewhat narrower, much more pronounced in appearance, and darker. Each spot 

 corresponds with a unicellular gland, and the bands of these glands replace the 

 ordinary nematode excretory system in the Trichotrachelidse, the family to which 

 Trichosoma belongs. They have been best described by Jagerskiold.^ Each cell 

 opens by a minute straight duct which traverses the cuticle and forms what used 

 to be called the rod-shaped body. The Trichosoma longicolle of Eberth^ has a 

 third or ventral band, and he mentions that Dujardin saw but one band in his 

 specimens. 



The length of the specimens varied from 20 mm. in the male to 40 mm. in the 

 female. The greatest breadth of the body was 4 "5 m, but in the neck-region it did 

 not exceed 3 m, and tapered away to the anterior end, where the breadth was but 

 0'5 M. The very regular large cells in the region of the neck, which are pierced 

 by the oesophagus, are just under 3 m in width and are 12 m in length. In the 

 young specimens these cylindrical cells with flat ends, lying like a lot of pillars 

 end to end, are not cut up into a series of segments, which gives a scalloped outline 

 to the cells of the adult when seen in profile. But later a number of circular 

 constrictions arise, and these divide each cell into a series of ten or twelve areas 



' " Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar," xxxv. ii., 1901. 

 ^ " Untersuchungen itber Nematodeii." Leipzig, 1863. 



