"GROUSE DISEASE "—PATHOLOGY 289^ 



In fact, the ereneral condition shows evidence of a chronic inflammation 

 leading to fibrosis. Large quantities of mucus are present in the intestinal 

 contents, and the villi appear to be united together with this material, ^ .^ 



^^ ° Evidence of 



which penetrates to the deepest parts of the crypts between the villi, chronic 



^ ^ ^ ... inflaniraa- 



Everywhere Strongyli are present, and their relationship to the tiou and 

 structures composing the wall of the organ is of special interest 

 (PI. XLin., Fig. 20). They are found in large numbers both in the lumen and 

 between the villi, in some instances having penetrated to the deepest portions 

 of the crypts. In such cases the epithelium covering the portions of the villi 

 adjacent to the worms is greatly altered, and a marked increase of fibrous tissue 

 in the underlying connective tissue is frequently observed (PI. XLii., Fig. 12). 

 In some instances the epithelium has completely disappeared all round the 

 worm so that the latter is seen surrounded by a ring of dense fibrous tissue 

 (PI. XLL, Fig. 10). Occasionally a worm is found lying between the epithelium 

 and the matrix of the villus, which usually shows fibroid change in the neigh- 

 bourhood (PI. XLi., Fig. 9). 



There can be little doubt, therefore, that the presence of the worms in such 

 situations leads to chronic inflammatory changes and fibrosis. 



As has already been stated it began to appear probable early in the course 

 of the work that the presence oi Bacillus coli in the liver and other organs was 

 related in some way to the numbers of Strongyli in the caeca. In xhereia- 

 several birds which had been raised in captivity in Scotland and ^°°7°,j5 

 subsequently kept in Surrey no Strongyli could be found, even after organs'to 

 a careful search, and in their organs there were no bacilli of the colon l^'j^^e^^^^ 

 type (one exception). On the other hand, in the organs of Grouse '^*'^^- 

 with very large numbers of Strongyli, Bacillus coli was constantly present, 

 either in the liver or in some other organ. In other Grouse with fewer Strongyli 

 Bacillus coli was present in some, and appeared to be absent in others. 



The results obtained previous to the adoption of the counting method are 

 shown in Table II. (p. 290), in which the birds are arranged in three classes. 



[Table. 



VOL. I. 



