348 THE GROUSE IN HEALTH AND IN DISEASE 



This report is based in the main on my own observations, but some of the facts 

 recorded were first observed by Dr E. A. Wilson, and some by Mr J. C. F. Fryer, 

 of Caius College, Cambridge. In fact, in looking back over the work I find it 

 difficult to disentangle the precise share each of us had in it. One thing, however, 

 is clear. I am indebted to Dr Wilson for a very large proportion of the draw- 

 ings which are reproduced in these chapters, and I am also indebted to him for 

 lightening many pleasant hours spent, not on the open, breezy heather of the 

 Scottish moors, but in the stuffy laboratory we were wont to improvise in the 

 back premises of many a Scottish inn. 



To Mr Edwin Wilson, of Cambridge, a word of thanks is also due for the 

 accuracy and skill with which he has depicted the Grouse-fly and the Grouse-flea. 



ECTOPARASITES. 



INSECTA. 



A. Mallophaga. — Bird-lice or Biting-lice. 



(i.) Fam, Philopteridse. 



I. — GoNiODES TETRAONis Denuy. 



In his " Monographia Anoplurorum Britannia," ' Denny describes and figures 



this species, which he calls the " Louse of the Black and Red Grouse." He states 



that it is " common upon both the Black and Red Grouse " (Laqopvs 



Bird-lice. . . ^ . \ J I 



tetrix and L. scoticus). " Upon the Willow or Hazel Grouse {Layopus 

 scilicet i) I find a similar but distinct species, rather broader in the abdomen, and 

 of much darker colour." Denny describes several species of the same genus which 

 infest other game-birds. 



Giebel ^ gives the name Goniodes heteroceros Nitzsch as a synonym of G. 

 tetraonis, and in his large monograph on " Les P^diculines," Piaget^uses the 

 former name without any reference to Denny. The name G. heteroceros also 

 appears in Giebel's article* on the Epizoa of the Halle Museum, published in 1866, 

 but only the name. In his article on " Parasiten " in Von JMiddendorf s " Reise 

 in den iiussersten Norden und Osten Sibiriens," Grube attributes certain bird-lice 

 taken from Lagopus albus, the Willow Grouse, and from Lagopus alpivMS, the 

 Ptarmigan, to the species Goniodes tetraonis Denny ; but Piaget points out certain 



' Publislied by H. G. Bolm, London, 1842, p. Kil, Plate xiii., Fig. 3. 

 = " Insecta Epizoa," Leipzig, 1874. ^ Leiden, 1880. 



' " Zeitsclirifl fiir gesaninuen Nalurwissenschaft," xxviii. p. 387, 1866. 



