NOTKS ON LIFE-HISTORIES, LARV^, ETC. 47 



number of orange-colourocl hooks. There are two black spots on each 

 side of the 6th and 7th abdominal segments ventrally, the outer of 

 which is also present on the constricted Sth and 9th. The pupa 

 appears to be quite solid, that is, has no movable incisions. [Described 

 December 19th, 1897] .—J, W. Tutt. 



Some remarks on the winter moth: Cheimatobia isrumata. — On 

 June 4th, 1897, I found on wild rose, near Painswick, some Geometrid 

 larvae, I could not remember having seen before, and until the 

 imagines emerged I had no idea of the species. These larvae were 

 about three-quarters of an inch long, and my rough notes say : 

 " Cylindrical, no humps, green, with medio-dorsal darker line, and on 

 either side of it, three fine whitish lines; spiracular lines rather wavy 

 and spiracles darker, also a Avhitish interrupted ventral line." 

 I fed these larvae on wild rose until I left home, on -Tune 17th. 

 On .July 12th, I found the pupae, some pale yellow and others 

 greenish, at the bottom of the large glass-topped card-box in 

 which I had kept them. One or two were naked, and others spun up 

 among the leaves in corners, etc. These pupae I placed aside in a 

 smaller box, and, on November 12th, was astonished to find a ^ and $ 

 ('. bnunata had emerged, and several eggs of a greenish-white colour 

 scattered among the cotton wool, on which I had placed the pupte, 

 also some laid by this rertj active and spider-like insect among the 

 leaves and pupa-cases, and even on an Ichneumon (?) cocoon, bred 

 with them, and which I trust will prove to be parasitical on this 

 dreaded species. These eggs have been kept in the same box, and in 

 my sitting-room, and have lately (Dec.) changed colour to the shade 

 (orange), preparatory to the final shade (brown) before hatching. 

 Their shape, etc., is accurately described by ]\Iiss Ormerod, in her 

 valuable Manual of Injun'oits; Inserts, 2nd edit., p. 339, where de- 

 scriptions of the young larvae are given, while the adult larva is well 

 described by Newman, to which Miss Ormerod refers. She also refers 

 to the good accounts of Dr. Taschenberg in Praktudw Insektcit- 

 Kumle, and Kollar's Insects injurunis to (ianhners, etc. I enclose 

 eggs, moths, pupa-cases, and cocoon of supposed parasite. (The last 

 winter moth, a <? , I noticed alive on December 17th). ^ZZwcre reared 

 under unnatural conditions, as the larvte, during their nearly adult 

 state, were famished, and no earth in box in which to pupate, thus 

 showing their remarkable power of bearing a very unsatisfactory 

 environment. — C. J. Watkins, King's Mill House, Painswick, 

 Gloucestershire. 



SCIENTIFIC NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 



The hybernating sta(;e of Pararge egeria. — It may be remembered 

 that I wrote a paper on the " Hybernating stage of British Jjutterfiies" 

 (Entom. liec, viii., pp. 97-102), in which I gave the experience of 

 Hellins, Wolfe and others, that this species hybernated as a larva in 

 Britain. This led to some discussion, in which Messrs. Merrifield, 

 Carpenter and Williams ill>id, pp. 168-169 ; 181-182) showed pretty 

 conclusively that it could hybernate in this country also as a pupa. 

 Recently I saw pupte of the s])ocies advertised by a German collector, 

 Herr A. Voelschow, so I at once wrote for specimens and information. 

 I have the specimens, of which throe are of a bright apple-green 



