124 THE entomologist's record. 



0. GONosTiGMA. — Unfortunately I have no notes on the early larval 

 stagea of this species. In its hybernating stage (about the 4th skin), 

 it has practically attained adult plumage, although the colours do not 

 show up so brilliantly as in the full-grown larva. In this stage 

 (hybernating) it is not unlike the larva of Porthesia similis in general 

 appearance, but the resemblance is only superficial ; possibly some 

 protection may accrue to it, even from a rough likeness to so well- 

 protected a larva as that of P. siiiiilis. The sub-dorsal pencils on the 

 pro-thoracic segments are present ; the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th abdo- 

 minal segments bear pale brown dorsal tufts, the 8th abdominal bears 

 a bushy dark brown dorsal tuft, with a slender pencil of black hairs 

 rising through the tuft. In addition to the long thorny hairs which 

 arise from all, or nearly all, the tubercles, the outer dorsal tubercles 

 (? posterior trapezoidals) on the 2nd and 3rd thoracic, and the 4th, 5th, 

 0th, 7th and 8th abdominal, segments bear a number of white or pale 

 yellowish, short, plumose hairs. It is the contrast between these 

 and the brilliant red of the dorsal area which chiefly produces the 

 superficial likeness to the larva of P. siiniliti. O. ;/o)iostit/ma has no 

 lateral tufts. 



L/ELiA ccENOSA AND Leucoma v-nigra. — I havc no personal know- 

 ledge of the larvae of either Ladia cooiosa or Leucoma v-nhjra, other 

 than that to be obtained from blown specimens. The larvae of both 

 species are tufted, those on L. coenosa being arranged like those of the 

 larva of O. (jiynoatigma, while L. v-nit/ra possesses eight dorsal tufts, 

 one on each of the abdominal segments 1 to 8. 



Demas cokyli. — The larva of Dcinas conjli has a superficial likeness 

 to a Liparid larva, but it differs in some very important points, and, 

 in my opinion, certainly ought nut to be included in the family. In 

 the lat skin it is longer and more slender in appearance ; the anterior 

 trapezoidals are larger than the posterior and bear 3 or 4 black 

 thorny hairs, while the posterior only bear one. The ear-tubercles 

 are not nearly so prominent as in the Liparids, and there are no weak 

 segments. No eversible glands are developed at the 2nd, nor at any 

 subsequent, stage. In the drd shin, the trapezoidals are more equally 

 developed, but the anterior are still the more important, the anterior 

 pair on the 8th abdominal are very large and close together, and this 

 segment is rather stronger than the others. In the ith skin, the 

 anterior trapezoidals on the 1st and 2nd abdominal and the tubercles 

 on the 3rd thoracic give rise to slight tufts of brown hairs, while the 

 2nd and 3rd thoracic segments bear similar lateral tufts. In the 5t/i 

 skin., the anterior trapezoidals on the 8th abdominal bear pencils of 

 black hairs. The brown dorsal tufts are still present on the 1st and 

 2nd abdominal segments. The lateral tuft on the 2nd thoracic 

 segment is black. Thus Demas differs from the Liparids in having no 

 eversible glands, no weak segments, and in the fact that the anterior 

 trapezoidals are larger than the posterior." The dorsal and lateral 



* Dr. Chapman in his epoch-making paper on the " Genus Acronycta and its 

 Allies," has made a slight slip with i-egard to this point. He writes : " The 

 abundance of hairs and their length, the character of the tubercles, the anterior 

 being more important than the posterior, the colouring, all point to Lipuris rather 

 than of Acronycta as the nearest affinity" [Entum. Record, eic, \o\. in., ]). i^M). 

 In Liparis it is the posterior, not the anterior, which are the more important, see 

 Ent. Record, vol. iv., PI. IX., fig. 8, where the larva of Dasijcldra intdibunda in 

 the 1st stage is figured. 



