PRACTICAL HINTS. 135 



28. — At the' latter end of May, at Farington, twisted shoots of 

 Lotus cnrnintlatuft produced larva;, from one of which, at the latter 

 end of June, appeared a (ielcchia, which Mr. Htainton pronounced to 

 be probably (r. cinvticitldla, which feeds on the Continent on (icnistn 

 (Threlfall). 



29. — -The larva) of lUUalis ijraiidijx'xncUa are to be obtained on the 

 furze-bushes, at Wanstead (and elsewhere), about the middle of June. 

 They make a web, placed along the stems of some years' growth, and 

 a strong pair of cutting-pliers should be requisitioned for cutting off 

 those portions of the stems containing the webs. 



30. — The larviT3 of Eidophasia mesmniiclla spin a few strands of 

 silk across the young shoots of Cardamine ainarn, drawing them 

 together. They should be collected in the middle of May. 



81. — The larva of An/i/ri'st/iia andcrciii/iiila is to be found in June, 

 beneath a web, spun near or at the end of the twigs of the crab-apple. 



N.B. — For series of similar hints referring to the same time of year 

 consult vol. ix., pp. 95-96, pp. 120-121 ; vol. viii., pp. 20-21, pp. 48- 

 44 ; vol. i., p. 47, etc. 



l^OTES ON LIFE-HISTORIES, LARY^, &c. 



The ovum and youn(; lakva of Cirrh(EDia xekampklixa. — In 

 November, I received from Mr. Hewett, ova of ( '. xcrampcUna from 

 York, which had been laid several weeks. They were in irregular 

 masses on roughish cardboard, closely touching one another or over- 

 lapping, or, here and there, heaped together. In shape, the ovum is 

 about two-thirds of a sphere, slightly flattened. The surface has a 

 granulated appearance, being dusted with debris and some scales and 

 hairs of the parent. It is dull pale brownish -yellow, becoming leaden 

 in colour before hatching. The transverse diameter measures ■792mm. 

 There are ten prominent primary ribs arising about •099mm. from the 

 micropyle, and intermediate ones from half-way between the niicro- 

 pyle and the equator. These vertical ribs are crossed by a number of 

 very distinct transverse ones, giving a honeycombed appearance. A 

 small rosette of silvery ridges, 12 to 16 in number, each forming a 

 loop externally, surrounds the micropyle, the area about the latter 

 being somewhat depressed. The young larva? nibble through a round 

 hole near the edge of the micropylar area, and seem occasionally to 

 eat part of the shell. They hatch out in succession, during two or 

 three weeks in the present case. When examined the day after 

 hatching, the larvjc are noticeable for their large, smooth, shining 

 black heads, which have some scattered pale hairs about the sides and 

 mouth, and are H to If as broad as the body. The latter diminishes 

 perceptibly towards the posterior extremity, and is pale yellowish- 

 brown with well-marked segmental divisions. The true legs and four 

 pairs of abdominal prolegs are well developed. The latter are all of 

 equal size and of the colour of the body. The antennal projections 

 are strongly marked, and a large shining black plate on the pro- 

 thorax extends well down its sides. On the abdominal segments, 

 tubi'relos i, ii, iii, iv and v (anterior and posterior trapozoidals and 

 supra-, post- and infra-spiracular) are easily distinguished, but not 

 conspicuous, each black with a single hair. On the thoracic seg- 

 nieuts, the tubercles are in nearly transverse rows, and inconspicuous. 



