THE " POMIFOUKLLA-SPrmcOLKLLA " GKOUP OF THE LITHOCOLLETID^. 169 



the leaf. In one leaf that I have hefore me now are three mines ; one 

 between tlie margin and the side vein nearest to tlie base of the leaf ; 

 one on the margin at the side of the leaf ; and one; between two side 

 veins. Colour, very pale, nearly white. Rare. 



I'ljnis aria : Long narrow mincss, always between two side veins, 

 and extending from the mid-rib to near the margin. This mine does 

 not discolour the whitish underside of the leaf. Hare. 



Pi/nts attcu/iaria : Small deeply-puckered mines, either close to the 

 margin, or along one side of the mid-rib. Colour, pale grey. Very 

 abundant. 



I'lfiuti inaliix : Irregularly-shaped broad mines, situated in any part 

 of the leaf. Colour, brownish-orange. Very abundant. 



Pi/ruft f<irnii)wlis : Irregularly-shaped mines, oither between the 

 lateral veins or close to the margin. Colour, pale grey, with the 

 central portion brownish-orange. Very rare. 



('ratai'ijun ori/acant/ia : Hmall deeply-puckered mines, generally 

 occupying one lobe of a leaf. Colour, brownish-orange. Abundant. 



The larvee inhabiting the different mines have been examined 

 under a 2" objective, and I have tabulated descriptions of them, 

 together with some notes on the time of pupation, and the formation 

 or otherwise of cocoons. In the table is included a description of the 

 larva on Fckjux ai/lrotira, but as nobody is likely to refuse this insect 

 specific rank, I do not futher allude to it in my general conclusions. 



All the larvee examined are so very similar, that it is diflficult, if 

 not impossible, to find specific distinctions in them, but their habits 

 in pupation give a much better guide, by which they may be divided 

 into the following groups : 



(a). Hybernating as larvte. Food-plants : I'runus (irium, P. xpiuona and 

 iiistitiii. 



(/)). Hybernating as pupae. 



(1). Without a cocoon. Food-plants: Pyrttf: inalus, Crataegus 



o.rijaraiUha. 

 (2). With a cocoon. Food-plants: Pynis aria, P. aiiniparia, P. 

 torviiiiali^, Pruinis padiix. 



When the imagines resulting from these groups of larvcf are 

 examined, there are found to be: (1) In group a two easily dis- 

 tinguished species : — 1. L. cerasiculella, H.-Sch. 2. /.. spiniraldla, bta. 

 (2) In group bl, is one species : — L. pomifuUella, Zell. (8) In group h2, 

 are, so far as I can at present judge, two species, one feeding on several 

 species of I'ljnts, and known as //. tnniiiiwlla, Frey = fj. aiuupariella, 

 Scott = L. pi/rarii'lla, llodg. (?). The other feeding on Pnoins padua, 

 and probably being the jnuldla of Glitx. 



I have no material at hand to enable me to say with certainty that 

 L. pifiariella, Hodg., is identical with L. toiDiindla, Frey. The only 

 imago that I ever bred from I'l/nis aria was destroyed some years ago, 

 but I remember that it was very similar to the specimens that I have 

 bred freely from I'l/rus aiuupaiia. With regard to the insect attached 

 to Prunu-s padiis, I am also without material. I have bred the species, 

 and it is very similar to L. sjnniculclld, but the difference in habit of 

 pupation is very marked, the former hybernating as a pupa, and the 

 latter as a larva. It is more than probable that we have in Britain 

 other species in this obscure group not yet recognised, and I have had 

 specimens sent to mo as L. puiiKDiae, L. iiimpiliiUa, etc., but until 

 more is known of their earlier stages, I should suggest that they be 

 left as doubtful. 



