PRACTICAL HINTS 251 



2. — LarvEC-beating is often most successful duriuij this mouth. It 

 is not yet too late for Demas corj/li, Amphidasi/s betularia, Cerura 

 bicxispis, Drepana falcula, aud mauy other interesting species. 



3. — Collect the seed-heads of Bartsia odontites, aud tic up in linen 

 bags for larvaj of Kmmclcsia unifasciata. 



4. — Collect flowers or seed-heads of Achillea millefolium for 

 Eupithccia sichfulvata, golden-rod for A', cxpallidata, ragwort for K. 

 absynthiata, Knautia arvensis, for E. var. knautiata, etc. 



5. — Beat juniper for larvje of Eujyiihccia arccuthata and Thcra 

 simulata. 



6. — The pupse of Emmelesia albulata will be found within the 

 spun-up sepals of yellow rattle. 



7. — October aud November must always be the great mouths for 

 pupa-digging and pupa-searching. The various enemies of pupas have 

 not yet had time to find a very large jiroportion of them. Search under 

 moss on (or at roots of) trees for pupas ofJfemas coryli, Eurymene dolob- 

 raria, Odontopera bidentata, Enpithecia consignata, E. fraxinata, 

 etc. ; dig round the roots forpupte of Notodonts, L'ymatophor a ocularis, 

 Selenia bilutiaria, Amphidasys strataria, Tephrosia bistortata, T. cre- 

 puscularia, Asthena blomeri, etc., especially working with the fingers 

 where the surface of the earth meets the trunk ; search under loose pieces 

 of bark for Poecilocampa populi, Triaena tridens, Acronicta leporina, 

 etc., and search the trunk itself for Cerura bicuspis, C. furcula, C. 

 bifida. Dead leaves about the roots of trees give cocoons of Hetero- 

 genea cruciata {asella), Apoda limacodes (testudo), Endromis 

 versicolor, Eriog aster lancstris, Ephyras (fastened by belt to leaves), 

 Stauropusfagi, Clostera curtula, C.piyra {reclusa), Cymatophora or, 

 C.fiuctuosa, Lobophora sexalata, etc. 



8. — Search the trunks of ash-trees, under moss, for the hard cocoons 

 of Uisulcia liyustri, also under the coping-stones of walls near privet- 

 hedges, where they are often i)laccd. 



\). — The moss at the roots of fir-trees should be carefully rolled 

 back for the pupje of Macaria liturata, Eidonia piniaria and 

 Trachea piniperda ; usually found at only a short distance below the 

 surface of the ground. 



10. — The full-fed larva) of Coleophora wilkinsoni should be col- 

 lected from birch in September-October. They hybernate full-fed, 

 crawl about in early spring without feeding, then pupate, and the 

 imagines emerge about the end of Jime. 



11. — Tl\\(i\^x\di oi Xepticula lapponica feed in broad serpentine 

 mines in birch leaves, and should be collected at the same time as 

 those of X betulicola, viz., from October lst-20th (Thrclfall). 



12. — During October, the yellow larviu of Xeplicula aencofasciella 

 may be obtained in the blotches iu leaves of Agrimonia eupatoria. 



13. — During October, the larva of Elachisfa dispunctella mines in 

 Festuca oi-ina. It hybernates in old grass-stems, and pupates later in 

 spring (Thrclfall). 



14. — Collect seeds of gentian, wild carrot, Pimpinella saxifraga, 

 etc., in the autumn. Place in covered flower-pot and stand out of 

 doors. Semasia rufillana, Oecophora fiavimandella, Asychna pro- 

 fugella, Eupithccia pimpinellata, etc., will be bred the following 

 June and July. 



15. — From October to April, the larva of Ephippiphora nigri- 



