OBSERVATIONS ON THE GBNU8 CATOCALA. 261 



very small, and can only just be made out. The posterior trapezoidals 

 on the 8th abdominal are enlarj^-ed, and form a douljle hump, the legs 

 and prologs are yellow. Beneath, the larva is yellowish-white, with 

 large i)urple spots, and flushed with crimson. In the 4th iustar it 

 measures from an inch to an inch-and-a-half. The general colour and 

 markings arc very much the same as in the last instar, indeed, C. 

 elocata may be said to be practically the same in the last three iustars, 

 except as to the lateral fringe, which, unlike the other species I have 

 examined, is not developed at this stage. In the last instar the larva 

 measures about two inches, when full-gi'own about 2^ to 2f inches. 

 The head is yellow-brown, with a black streak, which tapers round the 

 face to the mouth, on the top of each lobe. The general gi-ound 

 colour is smoky-brown, much suffused with black, especially on the 

 thoracic and first three abdominal segments. Tlie dorsal stripe is 

 somewhat irregular and paler, but is also a great deal suffused on the 

 anterior half of its length. On each side of it is an irregular smoky- 

 black, longitudinal baud, the lateral portions being paler ; there is, 

 however, another smoky band along the line of the spiracles. The 

 spiracles are very distinct on the 1st thoracic and abdominal seg- 

 ments. The tubercles, with the exception of the posterior trapezoidals, 

 are practically non-existent, being merely indicated by minute points. 

 The latter are large and orange coloured, the 8th abdominal having 

 them larger than the rest, but not so large as they are developed in 

 other species of the genus. It also has the black streaks, pointing 

 downwards and forwards from these tubercles, slightly developed, but 

 they are neither so long nor distinct as in C. nupta and L'. electa. 

 The hump is large and prominent, and similar to that in the third 

 instar. The lateral fringe is very slightly developed. Beneath, the 

 larva is yellowish-white, with very large purple-brown spots, the latter 

 are present, though in varying sizes, on all segments ; the whole is 

 flushed with crimson, especially down the centre and round the spots. 

 The larva feeds on willow. When full-fed it pupates in the usual 

 manner. The pupa measures about an inch and an eighth in length. 



The moth is on the wing in August and September. It measures 

 2\ to 2f inches in expanse. The primaries, thorax and abdomen are 

 smoky yellow-grey, the former with several indistinct, zigzag, trans- 

 verse bands, the orbicular is also very indistinct. The hind-wings are 

 red, inclining to orange, with a broad black band along the outer 

 margin, which is broadest at the apex, and tapers slightly towards the 

 anal angle, where it ends. It is very much indented on the inner side. 

 The inner band also tapers towards the inner margin, and is also some- 

 what irregular, there is also a red spot just below the apex, between 

 the marginal band and the fringe. The fringe along the outer margin 

 is white, on the inner margin brown. The general colour is whitish- 

 grey beneath ; the tip of the fore- wing is gi'cy ; there is a broad 

 black band which extends from the costal margin to the hind 

 angle, meeting the hind margin about the centre, and having a 

 somewhat bent appearance. A second black band starts from the 

 middle of the costal margin, and extends across the wing to the 

 hind margin, where it joins the base of the flrst band. There is 

 also anotlicr band starting from the costal margin, near the base, 

 and running obliquely to join the second band on the hind margin. 

 The spaces between these bands are almost pure white. On the 



