l-ltESIlJKXT's ADDRESS. 



'23 



schaftliche Woclienschrift. Dec. 1910, p. 773, and ■ Die Kalkpfanneii des 

 oestlicheu Damaralandes," .Mitt. a.d. deutsch. Schutzgebieten, 1910, 

 Heft 3. 



(11) Passart^e, " Die Kalahari," pp. 497, 660, and Chapter XVII. 

 The orit^in of pans through erosion and transport by animals was clearly 

 argued by M. S. Alison in Trans. Geol. Soc. S.A. Vol. IV, 1899, pp. 

 158-161. 



(12) See the discussion on pp. 238-241 in W. B. Wright's " The 

 Quarternary Ice Age," 1914. 



(13) J. W. Gregory. " Cyrenaica," Geographical Journal, May, 1916, 

 especially pp. 337-9. the causes of the depopulation of Iran are briefly 

 discussed in " Turkestan," 1905, by E. Huntington, who emphasizes the 

 climatic factor. The same author has a most interesting chapter on 

 " Climate and the Evolution of Civilization " in " The Evolution of the 

 Earth and its Inhabitants," by Joseph Barrell and others. Newhaven, 

 1919. 



(14) H. Woods, Ann. S.A. Museum, vol. VII, 1908. p. 13. E. H. L. 

 Schwarz, Trans. Geol. Soc. S.A., vol. XI, pp. 107-15. 



(15) For references to descriptions of these Cretaceous rocks see pp. 

 327-343 of " Geology of Cape Colony," by A. W. Rogers and A. L. dn 

 Toit, 1909; Wm. Anderson's Three Reports of the Geological Survey of 

 Natal and Zululand ; R. Bullen Newton in Trans. Roy. Soc. S.A., vol. I, 

 pp. 1-106; and W. J. Plows, Annals of the Durban Museum, vol. Ill, 

 Part 2, 1921. 



(16) R. Bullen Newton, " Notes on Nummulitic Limestone in South- 

 East Africa (Gazaland)," Geol. Mag. 1896, 487-8. Wm. Anderson, Third 

 Report of the Geological Survey of Natal and Zululand, 121-130. 



(17) A. W. Rogers, " The Geological History of the Gouritz River 

 System," Trans. S.A. Phil. Soc, XIV, p. 4. Tlie pre-Uitenhage date of 

 the Worcester Fault accepted in that paper was disproved by R. H. 

 Rastall, Q.J.G.S., 1911, pp. 701-732, and Dr. du Toit informs me that on 

 a recent visit to the conglomerates on the north side of the fault he 

 satisfied himself that they were not of Uitenhage but of much more recent 

 date. This proof of the post-Uitenhage age of the fault increases the 

 probability that the Uitenhage beds covered at least the lower summits of 

 the southern ranges. 



(18) A. W. Rogers, " The Occurrence of Dinosaurs in Bushmanland," 

 Trans. Roy. Soc. S.A., vol. V, 1915, pp. 247-272. 



(19) This can hardly be said to be established by published evidence, 

 but from Wm. Anderson's reports previously mentioned and verbal informa- 

 tion from Mr. W. J. Wybergh and Dr. du Toit it is very probable. 



(20) A. L. du Toit, " The Evolution of the River System of Griqualand 

 West," Trans. Roy. Soc. S.A., vol. I, p. 355. 



(21) A. W. Rogers, " The Occurrence of Dinosaurs in Bushmanland," 

 Trans. Roy. Soc. S.A., vol. V, pp. 265-272. 



(22) Ann. Rep. Geol. Com. for 1911, p. 75. 



(23) S. Passarge, " Die Kalahari," p. 649. " Should it turn out that 

 the Kalahari limestone on the Lower Kwando is actually penetrated by 

 basalt, that will point to the relatively great age of the limestone, for 

 the youngest great eruptions in East Africa belong to the Pliocene. (It 

 is very probable that the basalts belong to the Batoka group, ?'. e., that 

 they are of Stormljerg age. — A. W. R.). The silicification (Einkieselung) of 

 the Kalahari sand would then be pre-Tertiary and, as is not improbable, 

 the energetic transgression of the upper Cretaceous sea might have brought 

 about increased precipitation in South Africa, which is not difficult to 

 understand. However, if, as one is justified in doing, one relies on fossils 

 for the determination of date, the Kalahari limestone must be relegated 

 to the Pluvial period in the upper Pliocene, and the Kalahari sand to 

 Diluvial times. In that case the whole Botletle period with its cementation 

 and replacement by silica, the formation of calcareous tufas and salt panp, 



