68 fUKSIDEXTIAL ADDRESS SECTIOX D. 



rluxlcsieiise and T. bnicei. The morphological differences 

 described bj the discoverers of T. rhodesieuse (Stephens and 

 Fanthain) were emphasised by the numerous serological ' and 

 immunological experiments* of Laveran, Mesnil and other French 

 M'orkers. Still, some continued to maintain the identity of the 

 two species. An account by Taute and Hubert was published in 

 1919 that should end any controversy, as by inoculation experi- 

 ments on the human subject they have shown that T. bracci will 

 not develop in man. 



In the first experiment Dr. Taute and eleven native criminals 

 were inoculated with Tnjpanosoma brucei and none became 

 infected. Next, Taute and Huber and 129 native carriers — 

 members of eleven different tribes — were inoculated with virulent 

 strains of Trupanosoma brucei obtained from naturally infected 

 animals, and again no one contracted trypanosomiasis. The 

 virulent nature of T. rhodesiense is too well known to need 

 comment, and it can hardly be imagined that 148 persons could 

 be inoculated with this virulent organism and none suffer from 

 trypanosomiasis. 



As regards treatment, attention may be directed to two new- 

 methods now in process of trial, nameW, the injection of salvar- 

 senised serum into the spinal canal, devised by Marshall and 

 Vassallo, and the trial of a secret preparation known as Bayer 205 

 by the German investigators, Kleine and Fischer. 



HEUPETOMOXIASES, INCLUDING LEISHMANIASES. 



One of the most interesting problems of protozoology has been 

 that of the insect flagellates and their significance, especially in 

 their relation to the human diseases generally known collectively 

 as the leishmaniases. Kala-azar, Oriental sore, and denxio- 

 mucosal leishmaniasis are well-known tropical and semi-tropical 

 diseases due to members of the Herpetomonadidee, known as 

 heishmania donovani and L. infantum in the cases of kala-azar 

 and infantile splenomegaly where generalised infection occurs, 

 and as L. iropica in the more local maladies of the skin. In 

 man and in dogs the organisms usually are present in the non- 

 flagellate condition, but in cultures they develop into typical 

 Herpetomonad flagellates, and such flagellate forms since 1911 

 have been recorded by several observers in man. As a result of 

 experimental work, such as that of Patton and Wenyon, it has 

 been shown that species of Leishmania can develop into herpe- 

 tomonad flagellate forms within the intestines of certain insects, 

 such as bed bugs (Cimex spp.) and mosquitos (Stegomyia). 

 Eecently, Mrs. Adie and Major Patton (1921-2) have produced 

 evidence that an intracellular stage of Leishmania occurs in the 

 intestinal c^lls of the bed bug, and appears to be an essential 

 stage in the life-history. Both authors have given a number of 

 illustrations of the parasites as found by them in their respective 

 researches, and also have depicted forms found in the salivary 



* Summarised in " Animal Parasites of Man," by Fantham, Stephens 



and Theobald, p. 80. 



t Arch. j. Schiffs ii. Tropen Hygiene, xxiii, pp. 211 — 226. 



