70 PltESIDEXTIAL ADDKKSS — SECTIOX D. 



experiments. Also, it will have been noted, tliat the vertebratc 

 hosts employed by them were solely confined to the Mammalia. 



Fanthani and Porter* (1914-16) worked with various herpc- 

 tomonads different from those of the French authors, and also 

 extended the range of their hosts, so that all classes of vertebrates 

 were represented. The English authors also used natural modes 

 (if infection, such as feeding animals with insect flagellates, and 

 further, they determined that the post-fiagellate or non-flagellate 

 forms of Herpetomonas and Crithidia were most effective as a 

 means of producing infection in vertebrates. Also, vertebrates 

 bred by the workers themselves in the laboratory were used in 

 every case, and the possibilities of natural infection were thus 

 excluded. 



Thus, young white mice, Mus rnusculus, were infected by 

 feeding them with Herpetomonas jaculnm from the water-bug, 

 Nepa cincrea, and by intraperitoneal injection of the same flagel- 

 late. Flagellate and non-flagellate herpetomonads were recovei'ed 

 from the vertebrates, and the infections were often of the acute 

 type. White mice were also infected by feeding on the intestines 

 of Stratiomyia chameleon and S. potamida containing Herpeto- 

 monas strationiyuc ; also by feeding on' lice intestines infected 

 with H. pediculi; while, by administering the liver of a mouse 

 infested with H. pedicidi to another mouse, the infection was 

 carried on. Criihidia gerridis from Gerris paludum fed to mice 

 produced an infection, but intraperitoneal injection failed. An- 

 other mouse, injected with C. gerridis, showed both flagellate 

 and non-flagellate forms in its blood and organs, and had a skin 

 sore, not imlike oriental sore, and infected with Crithidia, at the 

 site of inoculation. 



Among birds, canaries (Serinus canarius) were infected by 

 feeding on insects containing Hcrpetom,onas jaculum,; sparrows 

 (Passer doniesticus) by feeding with Culex containing H. culicis ; 

 martins (Chelodon urbica) by feeding with food contaminated with 

 insect excrement containing H. culicis; the grass snake {Tropi- 

 donotus natrix) became infected with H. jaculum., which was fed 

 to it; lizards (Lacerta vivipara) became infected with Crithidia 

 gerridis, either by feeding on infected insects or by feeding on the 

 livers of lizards originally infected by feeding, or by intraperitoneal 

 injection of the heart blood of lizards thus infected. 



Among Amphibia, frogs (Rana temporaria) were infected 

 with Critiiidia gerridis hy the intraperitoneal route. Other frogs 

 Avere infected with Herpetomonas jacxdum by intraperitoneal and 

 subcutaneous routes, and toads {Bufo vulgaris) by similar means 

 were artificially infected with the same parasite. 



Among fishes, sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) were 

 infected by subcutaneous inoculation of Herpetomonas jaculuvK 



Kecently (1921) Fantham has succesfully inoculated Herpe- 

 tomonas mnsccB domesticfe into a white rat in Johannesburg, a 

 herpetomoniasis of the fulminating type being produced for a 

 short time, followed apparently by complete recovery of the rat, 



*Summai'ised in Journal of Parasitology, ii. pp. 149 — 166. 



