64 



to the rapid transfer of fish from the warm pond-.vater 

 to the cold water Ln the truck tank. 



3. Holding-tank losses result from faulty tank 

 construction, poor water supply, lack of cleanliness 

 in the tank, indifferent disease control, and inexperi- 

 ence in operating the tank. 



4. Overcrowding the carrying and holding tanks 

 will increase the loss even when the best equipment is 

 used, as there is increased injury to the fish and 

 greater possibility of spreading disease. 



5. Fungus disease causes a large loss in holding 

 tanks, but there is some indirect evidence that the 

 fungus is of secondary importance in this loss. Though 

 it isknown that rough handling of the fish often forms 

 lesions through which the fungus is able to start its 

 growth, much of the loss that is attributed to fungus 

 is probably the direct result of tempering the fish at 

 too rapid a rate. 



6. Live boxes in lakes and streams produce a 

 high loss because of the uneven and often violent water 

 circulation in them. The water temperature is often 

 too high for the safe or efficient holding of minnows. 



7. A loss sometimes results when minnows are 

 held in ponds that are not suited to their needs. A 

 similar loss occurs when fishes that are incompatible 

 are stored in the same pond. A knowledge of the require-- 

 ments of the species will eliminate these difficulties. 



Reduaion of loss 



GOOD SEINING METHODS 



Whether seining in public water or in his own 

 minnow pond, the bait dealer should seine with the 

 object of catching the maximum number of fish with a 

 minimum of loss. The following suggestions are pre- 

 sented to help the beginner avoid undue loss. 



Minnow seines, generally speaking, can be classi- 

 fied into three types depending on the kind of weave 

 used in construction. The "common-sense" minnow net 

 is made of woven threads, and with prolonged or severe 

 use will develop "runs" caused by thread breakage and 

 separation. This type of netting can be obtained in 

 mesh sizes of 1/8 to 3/-8 inches (bar measurement). 

 The next type of seining fabric is constructed with a 

 non-slip knot tie. Each mesh is individually knotted, 

 and it will not develop runs or thread separation 

 under the most severe operating conditions. In this 



