Effects oF DDT and Other Insecticides 



on Fish and Wildhfe 

 Summary of Investigations during 1947^ 



By JOSEPH P. LINDUSKA and EUGENE W. SURBER, B/o/og/s/s, Fish and Wildlife Service 



CONTENTS 



Page 



Introduction 1 



Forest insect control 3 



Moscow, Idaho 3 



Teton National Forest, Wyo 5 



Black Hills National Forest, Wyo 7 



Orchard insect control 8 



Allegany County, Md 8 



Albany, Ga 8 



Tick control 10 



Camp Bullis, Tex 10 



Field tests 11 



Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Md 11 



Patuxent Research Refuge, Laurel, Md 12 



Back Creek, W. Va 12 



Laboratory tests 13 



Toxicity to fishes of new insecticides 13 



Effects of DDT on oysters 14 



Chronic toxicity to quail of new insecticides 15 



Summary 17 



Recommendations for minimizing danger to wildlife 18 



INTRODUCTION 



Since 1945 the Fish and Wildhfe ligations have been summarized 



Service, in cooperation with other periodicahy. This, the third ^ such 



agencies, has been conducting in- summary report, presents the find- 



vestigations to determine the ings of work done in 1947, when 



effects of some of the new insecti- major attention again was given 



cides on fishes and wildhfe. In to evaluations of DDT (dichloro- 



order that control workers and diphenyltrichloroethane) . 



others interested in this growing It has become increasingly ap- 



problem may have current infor- parent from these studies that, 



mation, the results of these inves- aside from the dosage of DDT ap- 



' This circular presents the results of field work conducted during 1947 by Stanley P. Rhoades, of the 

 Forest Service, and Dr. Clarence H. Hoffman, of the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, 

 United States Department of Agriculture ; and the following members and collaborators of the Fish 

 and Wildlife Service: Joseph P. Linduska, Eugene W. Suroer, David W. Johnston, Lowell Adams, 

 Mitchell G. Hanavan, Dr. N. W. Hosley, Johnson A. Neff, Robert E. Stewart, Dr. Eugene P. Odum, 

 Robert A. Norris. William Stickel, Lucille Stickel, John L. George, Chandler S. Robbins, E. Ediger, 

 Dr. V. L. Loosanoff, C. A. Nomejko, F. D. Tommers, and Allan J. Duvall. 



^ The findings of the 1945 and the 1946 investigations on the effects of DDT on fishes and wildlife 

 were published in Fish and Wildlife Service Circular 11, DDT: Its effect on fish and wildlife, by Clarence 

 Cottam and Elmer Higgins, 1946 ; and Fish and Wildlife Service Special Scientific Report 41, DDT 

 investigations by the Fish and Wildlife Service in 1946, by Arnold L. Nelson and Eugene W. Surber, 

 May 1947 [processed]. 



