for this purpose is prepared by several 

 methods, including chlorination and use of 

 ultraviolet rays, which destroy bacteria. In a 

 short tinne, oysters held in clean water expel 

 ingested bacteria and then are safe to eat. Such 

 nnethods of purification, or depuration, of 

 oysters from contamination waters are used 

 quite successfully in Holland, England, and 

 France, but are not yet generally accepted in 

 the United States, although there is a trend in 

 this direction. 



As the population of the United States ex- 

 pands, more coastal waters will be used for 

 disposal of waste, reducing the clean areas 

 now available for shellfish culture. It seems 

 logical, therefore, to adopt procedures which 

 will provide the public with oysters that are 

 safe to eat. Perhaps in the near future depu- 

 rated oysters will be as well accepted as 

 pasteurized milk. 



SELECTED REFERENCES 

 General 



BAUGHMAN, J. L. 



1948. An annotated bibliography of oysters, 

 with pertinent material on mussels and 

 other shellfish and an appendix on pol- 

 lution. Texas A. & M. Research Founda- 

 tion, College Station, Tex., 794 p. 



CHURCHILL, E. P., Jr. 



1920. The oyster and the oyster industry of 

 the Atlantic and Gulf coasts. [U.S.] Bu- 

 reau of Fisheries, Report of the Com- 

 missioner of Fisheries for the fiscal 

 year 1919, Appendix 8 (Document 890), 

 51 p. 



GALTSOFF, PAUL S. 



1965. The American oyster Crassostrea 

 virginica Gmelin. U.S. Fish and Wildlife 

 Service, Fishery Bulletin, vol. 64, iv + 

 480 p. 



KORRINGA, P. 



1952. Recent advances in oyster biology. 

 Quarterly Review of Biology, vol. 27, 

 no. 3, p. 266-308, 339-365. 



YONGE, C. M. 



1960, Oysters. Willmer Brothers & Haram 

 Ltd., London, 209 p. 



DAVIS, HARRY C, and ROBERT R. GUILLARD. 

 1958. Relative value of ten genera of 

 micro-organisms as foods for oyster 

 and clam larvae. U.S. Department of the 

 Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, 

 Fishery Bulletin 136, vol. 58, p. 293- 

 304. 



LOOSANOFF, V. L. 



1952. Behavior of oysters in water of low 

 salinites. National Shellfisheries Asso- 

 ciation 1952 Convention Addresses, 

 p. 135-151. 

 1958. Some aspects of behavior of oysters 

 at different temperatures. Biological 

 Bulletin, vol. 114, no. 1, p. 57-70. 

 1962. Effects of turbidity on some larval 

 and adult bivalves. Gulf and Caribbean 

 Fisheries Institute, Proceedings of the 

 14th Annual Session, November 1961, 

 p. 80-95. 



LOOSANOFF, VICTOR L., and HARRY C. 



DAVIS. 



1952. Temperature requirements for mat- 

 uration of gonads of northern oysters. 

 Biological Bulletin, vol. 103, no. 1, 

 p. 80-96. 



LOOSANOFF, VICTOR L., and JAMES B. 



ENGLE. 



1940. Spawning and setting of oysters in 

 Long Island Sound in 1937, and dis- 

 cussion of the method for predicting the 

 intensity and time of oyster setting. 

 [U.S.] Bureau of Fisheries, BulletinNo. 

 33, vol. 49, p. 217-255. 

 1947. Effect of different concentrations of 

 micro-organisms on the feeding of oys- 

 ters (O. virginica ). [U.S. ] Fish and 

 Wildlife Service, Fishery Bulletin 42, 

 vol. 51, p. 31-57. 



NELSON, T. C. 



1938. The feeding mechanism of the oyster. 

 I. On the pallium and the branchial 

 chambers of Ostrea virginica , O. edulis, 

 and O. angulata . Journal of Morphology, 

 vol. 63, no. I, p. 1-61. 



YONGE. C. M. 



1926. Structure and physiology of the organs 

 of feeding and digestion in Ostrea edulis . 

 Journal of Marine Biological Associa- 

 tion, vol. 14, no. 2, p. 295-386. 



Anatomy and Physiology 



DAVIS, H. C. 



1958. Survival and growth of clam and oyster 

 larvae at different salinities. Biological 

 Bulletin, vol. 114, no. 3, p. 296-307. 

 DAVIS, HARRY C, and PAUL E. CHANLEY. 

 1956. Spawning and egg production of 

 oysters and clams. Biological Bulletin, 

 vol. 110, no. 2, p. 117-128. 



Artificial Cultivation 



LOOSANOFF, V. L. 



1956. On utilization of salt water ponds for 

 shellfish culture. Ecology, vol. 37, no. 

 3, p. 614-616. 

 LOOSANOFF, V. L., and HARRY C.DAVIS. 

 1963a. Rearing of bivalve moUusks. In F. S. 

 Russell (editor). Advances in marine 

 biology, vol. 1, p. 1-136. Academic 

 Press, London and New York. 



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