CONTENTS 



Page 



Introduction 1 



Marsh weeds defined 1 



Acknowledgments 2 



General suggestions 3 



Preventive planning 3 



Prompt action 3 



Selecting the best method 4 



Best season for treatment 4 



Replacement by useful plants 5 



Methods... 6 



Control by water-level management 6 



Herbicidal control 7 



Dangers 7 



2,4-D and 2,4,5-T 8 



Other herbicides 8 



When and how to spray 9 



Spraying equipment 10 



Judging results 10 



Calculations 11 



Mechanical control 14 



Burning 15 



Biological control.. -- 16 



Marsh weeds 17 



AUigatorweed (Allernanthera phUoxeroides) 17 



Arrow-arum {Peltandra virginica) 20 



Cattails {Typha). 21 



Cocklebur (Xanthium) 24 



Giant cutgrass {Zizaniopsis miliacea) 25 



Hibiscus (Hibiscus) 27 



Lotus {Nelumho lutea)... 29 



Maidencane {Panicum hemitomon) 31 



Needlerush {Juncus roemerianus) 32 



Phragmites {Phragmites communis) 35 



Pickerelweed {Pontederia cordata) 39 



Spatterdock {{Nuphar luteum) 40 



Waterchestnut [Trapa nutans) 42 



Waterhyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) 46 



Waterlettuce {Pislia stratiotes) 49 



Waterlihes (Nymphaea) 50 



Waterprimroses {Jussiaea) 51 



Woody weeds 52 



Alders {Alnm) 54 



Buttonbush {Cephalanihus occidenlalis) 55 



Saltcedar {Tamarix pentandra) 56 



Willows (Salix) 58 



Other woody weeds 60 



in 



