CATTAILS 23 



inland cattail marshes, mowing at the two specified stages can give 

 complete or practically complete control. The procedure has been 

 demonstrated successfully in various parts of the country, but its 

 use on a large scale requires mechanical equipment adapted to 

 mowing in marshy areas. 



Mechanical crushing or breaking of cattail plants has given 

 results largely equivalent to those obtained by cutting. Drowning 

 (without cutting) is possible if bases of stems are submerged by 

 4 feet or more of water for more than 1 year, except for T. domin- 

 gensis which can endure slightly higher levels. Biological con- 

 trol favoring use by waterfowl may result from "eat-outs" in cat- 

 tail marshes by muskrats or nutria. A limited degree of natural 

 control has been caused by a boring-moth larva (Arzama sp.). 

 In some instances, it has seriously damaged or entirely eliminated 

 dense cattail stands. 



REFERENCES 



1956. Control of Cattail by Various ChemicarTreatments. W. O, Lee and F. L. 



Timmons. WWCC Res. Prog. Rep. Feb., pp. 81-82. 

 1956. Control of Cattail by Chemical Spray. B. H. Grigsby, W. A. Cutler, and C. A. 



Reimer. Abstracts Charter Meeting Weed Society of America, pp. 56. 

 1955. Observations on the Control of Cattail, Typha spp, by Chemical Sprays. 



B. H. Grigsby, C. A. Reimer, and W. A. Cutler. Mich. Quart. Bui., 37:3: 



400-406. 

 1955. Amino Triazole Puts Cattail on the Run. Anon. Farm Journal, Southern 



Ed., Nov. 

 1952. Results with Chemical and Mechanical Methods of Controlling Common 



Cattail, {Typha laiifoUa). F. L. Timmons. 13th WWCC Res. Prog. Rept. 

 1949. Taxonomy and Distribution of North American Cattails. Neil Hotchkiss 



and Herbert L. Dozier. American Mid. Nat., 41 (1). 

 1948. Cattail Control with Scythe and 2,4-D. C. H. Walker. The Progressive 



Fish-Culturist, 10 (3). 



