60 



OTHER WOODY WEEDS 



Plants discussed under this heading are given only limited 

 space because of their lesser importance and because, in some in- 

 stances, little is known about their control. 



Along permanently or seasonally flooded areas in western Ken- 

 tucky, small or medium-sized sprout growths of red maple {Acer 

 ruhrum) , green ash (Fraxinics lanceolata) , and sweet gum {Liquid- 

 o.mbar styraciflua) have been controlled satisfactorily with various 

 formulations of 2,4-D salts and esters at the rate of 4 pounds per 

 100 gallons of water applied in late summer (Steenis, 1950). 

 Equivalent results were obtained with Ammate at 75 pounds per 100 

 gallons. However, in better-drained sites, such treatment produced 

 only partial control of these species. Trumpetvine or cowitch 

 {Tecoma radicans), a woody creeper that is a problem plant on 

 islands and seasonally flooded margins of TVA impoundments and 

 other Southeastern reservoirs was controlled readily with the same 

 dosage of 2,4-D or with Ammate when treatment was made in 

 early fall (August 15 into September). 



Recent tests in Maryland have shown that both of the common 

 saltmarsh shrubs, groundselbush {Baccharis halimifolia) and high- 

 tide-bush {Iva frutescens), can be controlled by 2,4-D formula- 

 tions at about 4 pounds per 100 gallons if treated in late summer 

 or early fall. Also, these plants and bayberry {Myrica) were 

 killed readily in coastal North Carolina by monuron pellets scat- 

 tered sparsely around the bushes. 



In Delaware, the semi woody weed decodon {Decodon verticil- 

 latus) has been controlled readily by 4 pounds of 2,4-D per 100 

 gallons. The treatment proved effective during different parts 

 of the growing season, from June into August. 



Recent studies on leatherleaf {Chamaedaphne calyculata) by 

 the State of Wisconsin have indicated that this common shrub of 

 northern bogs, can be controlled up to about 90% by a single 

 summer treatment of 2,4-D or 2,4,5-T at 4 pounds acid equivalent 

 per 100 gallons. Higher poundages of the herbicides yielded 

 higher percentages of kill. 



REFERENCE 



1950. Studies on the Use of Herbicides for Improving Waterfowl Habitat in Western 

 Kentucky and Tennessee. John H. Steenis. Jour. Wild. Mgt. 14 (2). 



•^ U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1958—429176 



