86 Bird - Lore 



not over 3 feet from the nest, I was surprised to see one of the parents approach 

 and feed the fledglings as though I was not within a short distance of them and 

 in no way concealed. I could not determine the sex of the adults, but I do know 

 that they both fed the young ones and with the greatest regularity, about two 

 minutes elapsing between each visit of the same bird. Thus, at least while I 

 was there, some of the birds were fed every minute. The parents would circle 

 about the nest after having found their food and approach on foot on the 

 opposite side of the nest from where I sat. Usually they flew away from the 

 nest, and walked up to it on the return trip. The young birds were fed only a 

 peculiar white object from all sides of which fine, hair-like filaments projected. 

 They seemed to get this food from the ground all about the nest and usually 

 moved it around in their bills before feeding it. I could not identify this food 

 or obtain a sample of it. It is shown in the accompanying photograph, taken 

 without any concealment, and with the lens within ten inches from the nest. 



Migration Group Chart 



By S. A. HAUSMAN. Cornell University. Ithaca, N. Y. 



THE accompanying chart is designed to show graphically the rather com- 

 plex relationships of the various migrational groups of birds which occur 

 within any given area, and was devised to meet the needs of Junior bird 

 students to whom the intricacies of migrational movements of birds are often 

 apt to be somewhat of a puzzle. 



The dotted area represents any given locality within which there normally 

 occur at least six well-defined groups of birds: (1) The Permanent Residents 

 (PR), or those which reside within the area, and do not migrate, at least to 

 any great degree. Within the permanent resident group are included such birds 

 as are represented within the area as to species. It is probable, however, that the 

 individuals which one sees in the winter are not the same ones observed in the 

 summer. Examples of this group in New York state are the Bob-white, White- 

 breasted Nuthatch, Downy and Hairy Woodpeckers. (2) The Spring Migrants 

 (SM) are those birds which nest to the north of the area, and winter to the south 

 of it, and pass through the area in the spring. Examples: White-throated 

 Sparrow, Myrtle Warbler, and Yellow-bellied Flycatcher. (3) The Fall Mi- 

 grants (FM) are those of the group just mentioned returning to their winter- 

 ing grounds in the fall. (4) The Summer Residents (SR) are the largest group 

 and consist of those birds which winter to the south of the area, and return to 

 it each spring to nest. This group contains the largest number of our best- 

 known birds, such as the Robin, Bluebird, Phoebe, etc. (5) The Winter Resi- 

 dents (WR) comprise those birds which nest to the north of the area and come 

 to us in the fall to spend the winter, such species as the Red-breasted Nuthatch, 



