the 7th to 14th (mean of 10.9 ± 1.35 for 111 specimens) 

 postanal myomere and ended on the 14th to 22nd (mean 

 of 19.1 ± 1.19 for 110 specimens) postanal myomere. In 

 S. marinus the series began on the 10th to 15th (mean of 

 12.7 ± 1.41) postanal myomere and ended on the 18th to 

 22nd (mean of 20.3 ± 1.08) postanal myomere. In con- 

 trast to the ventral row in which the number of con- 

 stituent melanophores is fixed during late intraovarian 

 life, the dorsal row is gradually augmented before and 

 after birth. The fact that the sample of S. marinus lar- 

 vae was further advanced than any of the broods of S. 

 fasciatus studied may account for the greater number of 

 dorsal melanophores in the former. Consequently, a de- 

 tailed study of comparable pre- and postnatal larvae of 

 the two species would be necessary to evaluate the utility 

 of this character in separating their larvae. 



A well-known difference in the initial pigment pattern 

 of the two larval types is the presence of one or more 

 melanophores at the caudal region in S. fasciatus and the 

 absence of caudal melanophores in most larvae of S. 

 marinus (Templeman and Sandeman 1959). Caudal 

 melanophores were present in all intraovarian larvae of 

 S. fasciatus studied. The frequency was as follows: 40 lar- 

 vae had 1 melanophore, 64 had 2, 14 had 3, and 2 had 

 4. 



The subsequent development of pigment pattern in 

 larvae of S. fasciatus is similar to that in S. marinus, al- 

 though a number of differences are apparent. The ven- 

 tral midline series becomes embedded gradually but 

 some melanophores remain along each side of the base of 

 the anal fin even in our largest larvae. In S. marinus lar- 

 vae the developing anal fin obscures the ventral midline 

 series and the remnants are visible only posterior to the 

 fin in larvae longer than 11.8 mm. The dorsal midline 

 series extends anteriad and splits into two lines with the 

 developing dorsal fin between. The entire dorsum is 

 spanned when the larvae are about 10.8 mm. In S. 

 marinus larvae the entire dorsal midline is not spanned 

 until the larvae reach about 15.0 mm. 



The appearance of pigment characters at a smaller size 

 (usually 1 to 3 mm smaller) in larvae of S. fasciatus com- 

 pared with S. marinus larvae is a general developmental 

 feature. For instance, pigment appears above the olfac- 

 tory region of the brain in S. fasciatus larvae about 7.0 

 mm long and in S. marinus larvae about 9.3 mm 

 long. 



Another difference is the absence of certain pigment 

 characters in S. fasciatus larvae and their presence in S. 

 marinus of comparative size. Pigment does not appear on 

 the isthmus, ventroposterior to the eye, and on the dis- 

 tal radials of the anal fin in S. fasciatus larvae of the size 

 range studied, while in S. marinus larvae, these pigment 

 features appear at about 15.7 mm. A more complete 

 series of S. fasciatus larvae will be necessary to ascertain 

 at what size these features appear or whether they ap- 

 pear at all. 



Distribution. — Information on the geographic and 

 bathymetric distributions of S. fasciatus is given by 

 Templeman (1959). 



Sebaates capensia (?) (Gmelin), Figure 21E 



Literature. — Larvae of Sebastes from the Southern 

 Hemisphere have not been previously described. The 

 taxonomic status of this genus in the Southern Hemi- 

 sphere is confusing, and Chen (1971) in his review of the 

 subgenus Sebastomus, to which the southern forms be- 

 long, lumped the 11 nominal species into one. Eschmeyer 

 and Hureau (1971) and Eschmeyer (pers. commun.), 

 after examining specimens in South American museums, 

 feel that there are at least three species off Chile. A total 

 of 13 larval specimens from off Chile are available — five 

 from the Marchile VI Expedition, six from Piquero TV, 

 and two large specimens dip netted under a night-light in 

 Valparaiso Harbor by Richard McGinnis of Pacific 

 Lutheran University. Although some of these specimens 

 are in poor condition and the series is incomplete, a brief 

 description of them accompanied by an illustration 

 serves as a basis for comparison with Sebastes from other 

 regions of the world's oceans. 



Distinguishing features, — Newborn larvae are small 

 (about 3.8 mm), a feature which agrees with Sebastes 

 larvae of the northeastern Pacific, and particularly the 

 subgenus Sebastomus (Fig. 1). The larvae attain a large 

 size, since the 19.6-mm dip net specimen is just begin- 

 ning to transform. 



Morphometric information on this species is incom- 

 plete because of the brevity of the developmental series 

 (Table 24). The proportions generally follow those of 

 other species, however, the depth of the pectoral fin base 

 appears to be slightly greater in this species than in 

 others measured, with a mean of 12.4'^ of the body 

 length and a range of 8 to 17% for the seven larvae 

 measured. 



Pigmentation is similar to many of the Sebastomus 

 species of the northeastern Pacific. Initially, the larvae 

 have a spot above the nape, a spot on each side of the 

 medulla, a group of melanophores at the symphysis of 

 the lower jaw, a melanistic shield dorsolaterally on the 

 gut, a group of melanophores on the ventral surface of the 

 gut, and a series of melanophores along the ventral mid- 

 line of the tail. The number of melanophores in the ven- 

 tral midline ranged from 15 to 19 in four small larvae. 

 The pectoral fins are distinctly pigmented with a group 

 of melanophores on the medial surface of the fin base and 

 melanophores distributed over the blade of the fin. 



One or more melanophores lie above the optic lobes of 

 the brain in larvae 4.6 mm and longer. As the pectoral fin 



Measurements (nm) of larvae of Sebastes capens Is . (Specimens between dasbed lines 

 are undergoing notocboro Tlexion.) 



35 



