CONTENTS 



Page 



Introduction 1 



Manual collecting methods 2 



Hand collecting 2 



Rakes 2 



Tongs 2 



Power collecting methods 2 



Scraper-type dredges 2 



Hydraulic dredges 4 



Experimental gear 7 



Vessels 12 



Summary 12 



Literature cited 13 



FIGURES 



Page 



1. — Raking and tonging for surf clams from a dory in shallow water 



depths 3 



2. — -Types of rakes used for hand collection of surf clams 4 



3. — "Long Island" hydraulic bar clam dredge of the type which became 



popular with the Long Island clammers 5 



4.— Early model hydraulic dredge showing sled under bag, one of the 

 early modifications which led to the development of the standard 



dredge with its after-cage built of steel bars 5 



5.— Photograph of largest hydraulic jet dredge in use today by the surf 

 clam industry. This is an 84-inch dredge used aboard the 136-ft 



Gail Borden 6 



6. — Gasoline-driven pump on the deck of a clamming vessel 7 



7. — Classic 40-inch hydraulic jet dredge used by the majority of fishing 

 vessels operating along the coast of New Jersey and Maryland dur- 

 ing the late 1950's and up to the present time 8 



8. — Drawing of a 48-inch hydraulic clam dredge built for clam survey 

 work aboard the National Marine Fisheries Service research vessels 



Delaware and Delmvave II 9 



9. — Constant delivery pump system aboard the Gail Borden. 



A — Separator, where all material transported up discharge hose 

 empties for washing and separation of clams from the rest of the 

 material. B — Escalator, where surf clams enter to be carried 

 up to sorting table or unit. C — Clam jetting water hose. D — 

 Air hose. E — Transporting hose, for carrying material from up- 

 take unit to separator. F — Waste discharge units, through which 

 other material is dumped back overboard 10 



in 



