is planted to stabilize dunes. Replaced 

 by Uniola paniculata from Virginia 

 south. 



2. Important plants associated with Ammo- 

 phila: 



a. Herbaceous plants: 



Artemisia stelleriana Bess., Dusty 

 Miller or Silver King 



Fig. 69. Gulf of St. Lawrence to 



Virginia. Zones I, II, III. 

 Lathyrus japonicus Willd., Beach 

 Pea 



Fig. 53. Circumpolar species. The 



varieties extend from Hudson Bay 



to New Jersey. White variety rare. 



Zones II, III, IV. 

 Solidago sempervirens L., Seaside 

 Goldenrod 



Fig. 41. Newfoundland, Quebec to 



New Jersey, locally to Virginia. 



Other varieties to Florida, Texas, 



and Mexico. Zones II, III, IV, 



V. 

 Hudsonia tomentosa Nutt., Beach 

 Heather, Poverty Grass 



Fig. 18. Gaspe Peninsula to North 



Carolina. Thoreau's poverty grass. 



H. encoides may occur on the dunes. 



More usual in interior pine barrens. 



Zones III, IV, V, VI. 

 Xanthium echinatum Murr., 

 Cocklebur, Sea Burdock 



Fig. 38. Nova Scotia to Virginia. 



Zones II, III, IV, V. 

 Lechea maritima Leggett., Seaside 

 Pinweed 



Fig. 86. Southern Maine to east 



Virginia. 



b. Shrubby species: 



Prunjis maritima Marsh., Beach 



Plum 

 Fig. 15. Knox County, Maine, to 

 Delaware. Fruit used for jelly. 

 Zones II, III, IV, V, VI. 



Rhus radicans L., Poison Ivy 

 Fig. 3. Nova Scotia to Florida and 

 Texas. Poisonous to touch, many 

 people sensitive. Zones III, IV, V, 

 VI. 



Myrica pensylvanica Loisel., Bay- 

 berry 

 Fig. 19. South Newfoundland, east 

 New Brunswick to North Carolina. 

 Wax from the berries formerly used 

 for candles. Zones III, IV, V, VI. 



Rosa rugosa Thunb., Salt-Spray 

 Rose 

 Fig. 6. Nova Scotia to Delaware. 

 Zones II, III, IV, V, VI. 



Querciis ilicifolia Mang., Scrub or 

 Holly Oak 

 Fig. 12. Maine to North Carolina. 

 The oak of the pine barrens of New 

 Jersey. Zones IV, VI. 



Junipertis virginiana L., Red 

 Cedar, Juniper 

 Fig. 2. Southeastern New England 

 to Florida and Texas. Zones III, 

 IV, VI. 



Baccharis fialmifolia L., Sea 

 Myrtle, Groundsel Tree 

 Fig. 9. Massachusetts to Florida 

 and Texas. Sexes separate ; in the 

 fall the female shrub has cottony 

 tipped seeds. Zones IV, VI. 



Additional characteristic plants growing 

 in areas protected from wind and salt 

 spray: 



Festuca rubra L., Red Fescue Grass 

 Fig. 91. Greenland, Labrador to North 

 Carolina. (Many varieties.) Zones 

 III, IV, VI. 

 Artemisia caudata Michx., Wormwood. 

 Fig. 66. Southern Maine to Florida and 

 Texas. Zones III, IV, V. 

 Euphorbia polygonifolia L., Seaside 

 Spurge 

 Fig. 45. Prince Edward Island, east 

 New Brunswick to Georgia. 

 Atriplex arenaria Nutt., Seabeach Orach 

 Fig. 36. Southern New Hampshire to 

 Texas. Young leaves are useful in sal- 

 ads, or cooked as greens. Zones I, II, 

 III. 



Plants not exclusively dune plants, but grow- 

 ing in protected areas: 



Linaria canadensis (L.) Dumont., Old 

 Field Toadflax 

 Fig. 87. With the varieties from Nova 



46 



