Physiograph)/ of Ydi-ra, etc. 507 



Another fine view-point is Beur's Sugar Loaf, north of 

 Arthur's Creek township. From the latter place, it has the 

 appearance of a gigantic pyramid, due to its ridge-like charac- 

 ter and sharp truncation at its southern side. Perhaps from 

 this hill the finest view is obtained of the actual Main Divide. 

 The configuration of the latter, with its numerous branching 

 gullies seaming its sides, is very distinct. 



The higher view-points, such as Mount Dandenong, Malle- 

 son's Lookout, Mount Toole-be-wong and others, need not be 

 more than mentioned as they are so well known, but most of 

 those referred to above do not appear to be much visited, al- 

 though to the lover of scenery, they offer many attractions. 



It might be mentioned that surmounting " Pinemont,'' 

 Burt's Hill, and the " Kopje " are private houses. Permission 

 should therefore be obtained to ascend these hills. 



Rapids and Small Islands, and their Relations. 



In the Warrandyte Gorge numerous rapids occur. Rapids 

 are, as is well known, usually found in a stream, or a parti- 

 cular part of a stream that has not reached its grade. Streams 

 of this nature are generally, in the language of geographers, 

 " young," and the portion of the Yarra referred to possesses 

 this characteristic. Thie valley is narrow and steep, and its 

 bed rocky and uneven. The projecting hard rocks on the river 

 bottom are the cause of the rapids. 



These hard rocks are generally bands of sandstone which are 

 interbedded with the softer shales. They are of silurian age, 

 and are inclined at the moderately high angle characteristic of 

 the silurian rocks around Melbourne. The sandstone bands 

 are therefore parallel to the general strike of the rocks, and, 

 as the river is constantly changing its course, the bands of 

 hard rock, and consequently the rapids, occur at all angles 

 to the actual direction of the river in any particular place. 



As the river reaches its grade, these rapids will disappear. 

 Tlie river below Templestowe is fairly well graded, and rapids 

 are generally absent. 



In the same part of the river as the rapids, numerous small 

 islands occur. They vary in size from tiny ones about a yard 



