Geology of Wdvrandyte Goldfield. 537 



The mines that have been developed since Mr. Forbes' report 

 are the Victory, the Caledonia and the Consols, which are now 

 all closed down. Others, such as the Reward, North Caledonia, 

 South Caledonia and the Blocks, were abandoned after very- 

 little work, so far as can be ascertained. The Consols is the 

 old ■■ Pigtail '■ reef, and the Victory has been worked mainly 

 under Third Hill. The Caledonia is of interest structurally, and 

 some details will therefore be given. For much of the infor- 

 mation concerning the structure of the mine I am indebted to 

 the plans of Mr. A. H. Merrin, M.C.E. (now Chief Inspector of 

 Mines), and Mr. H. Herman, B.C.E., to both of whom I wi.sh to 

 tender my thanks for permission to refer to the same. The respon- 

 sibility for the reading of the plans and for any conclusions 

 drawn from them, is my own. 



The Caledonia Mine has been reported on by Mr. Dunn, but 

 since his visit the mine was nuich more opened up. The main 

 shaft has been sunk to 600' feet, but little work has been done 

 there, as the stone did not prove payable. The reef in the top 

 levels underlies to the west, but turns to the east in the lowest 

 level. I believe however that a winze showed that it soon be- 

 came westerly again. It occurs in the Caledonia Syncline, 

 whose axis dips from the vertical to the west. The rocks have a 

 strong northerly pitch. Faults, cross-courses and " splices " 

 occur in the first and second levels, and are almost wholly left- 

 hand breaks (i.e., going north, the reef, where a break occurs, 

 is found again to the west). The " splices " occur mainly in the 

 top level, and the faults in the second. A "' splice " consists of 

 the reef, which when followed either to the north or the south 

 gradually thins out, until it becomes a mere thread of quartz, 

 and then completely dies out. If working northward, the miner 

 cross-cuts to the west and begins to feel for the reef again. 

 A thread of quartz is picked up, which, if followed, often gradu- 

 ally thickens into the reef and forms another splice. Fault 

 planes do not as a rtile exist between the splices. The strike 

 of the faults is generally north-west and south-east, with the 

 down-throw side (if the fatilts traced be normal) sometimes 

 to the north-east and sometimes to the south-west, the latter 

 oftener. With regard to the splices, we have instead of one con- 

 tinuous fissure, which forms the lode channel, a series of small. 



