82 Mr. F. A. Dixey [March 3, 



by the overlap of the hindwing. When the wings are parted and 

 the fringe spread out, a scent is exhaled which appears to both 

 Dr. Longstaff and myself to be like that of jasmine or tuberose. 

 The portion of the wing which forms the seat of this silky fringe, as 

 well as that underlying the scent-patch of the hindwings, is furnished, 

 like the patch in the Clouded Yellow, with a plentiful supply of air- 

 tubes, proceeding to it from the adjacent " vein." In the case of 

 the patch in Gatopsilia florella, the ramifications of these air-tubes 

 seem to form a fine polygonal network, each mesh of which surrounds 

 the socket of a scent-scale. A similar appearance may be seen in 

 the scent-patch of one of the Teracoli (T. fansta), and probably in 

 that of others. 



Sessile scent-patches, which may or may not be accompanied by 

 silky fringes, occur in many other species of the brimstone-like 

 section of Pierines, and in several of these, including both Asiatic 

 and American species, a flowery odour has been detected both by 

 the late Mr. de Niceville and by Dr. Longstaff. An observation 

 which would be of great interest, but which, so far as I am aware, 

 has not yet been made, would be to compare the odour diffused by 

 the fringes with that conveyed by the sessile patches in those species 

 where both these forms of apparatus occur together. 



An accumulation of hair-like scales, no doubt serving as scent- 

 distributors, may also be seen in another genus of Pierines (Dismor- 

 pJda) which is remote in affinity from those butterflies which have 

 just been considered. But these odoriferous tufts or fringes are by 

 no means confined to the Pierines. In the very different group of 

 Satyrines, to which our common brown hedgerow butterflies belong, 

 the males of some species possess fringes or tufts which are clearly 

 similar in function to those of their distant cousins, the Whites. In 

 one of these, an African species, I found that the odour produced was 

 like that of vanilla chocolate. Another species of the same genus, a 

 native of India, was named by Wood-Mason and de Niceville suaveo- 

 Uns, from its pleasant fragrance. The vanilla odour was found by 

 the same two observers in several other Indian butterflies l)elonging 

 to different groups. 



Some Satyrines have plume-scales which are not unlike those of 

 the Pierines, but differ in seldom, or perhaps never, possessing an 

 accessory disc. At the utmost they may show a slight dilatation of 

 the articulating end of the footstalk. Plume-scales much like those 

 of the common Browns are also found in the Fritillaries, which 

 belong to the great group of Nymphaline butterflies. 



There is yet another kind of scent-scale, specialised in form. This 

 is the well-known "battledore" scale, present in the male of many 

 of the small blue butterflies belonging to the subfamily of Lycanids. 

 These battledore scales are provided with apertures on their general 

 surface which no doubt serve, like the apertures of the fimbria? in the 

 plume-scales, for the escape of the odour iuto the outer air. The 



