386 Mr. A. W. Ward [March 8, 



of modern critics upon the stories of cannibalism — the last horror of 

 barbarous warfare, which Khevenhiller's narrative has located in this 

 neighbourhood ; there are other stories of the same sort which came 

 from other parts of Germany— possibly trne, possibly false — but on the 

 authenticity of each of which after all very little turns. The sufferings 

 of the Palatinate in population and in prosperity are happily most 

 trustworthily gathered from the detailed accounts of the recovery of 

 the devastated land under Frederick V.'s son Charles Lewis, to whose 

 errors history may be very kind in remembrance of his conception of 

 the duties of a prince. To the univerfity, after he had recalled it 

 into existence some four years after the conclusion of the "War, he 

 restored a vigorous life, renewed, let it be said to his further honour, 

 in the spirit of religious tolerance to which this descendant of the 

 Calvinist Electors was one of the earliest witnesses among the princes 

 of Europe. One possession, as you know, he could not restore to the 

 University of Heidelberg — the famous Palatina — the library of which 

 had been seized by the Bavarians in 1623, when the ban of the 

 Empire was pronounced upon the Electoral House, and which mules 

 had borne across the Alps to be incorporated in the Vaticana at Rome. 

 I cannot tell the curious story of the partial return of the books under 

 Pope Pius VII., in 1815 and 1816, which to them too was the epoch 

 of Restoration. But the fate of the Palatina forms a curious episode 

 in the history of the university of which it was long the most 

 cherished treasure. 



From Heidelberg and its story of successive rapid changes, we 

 turn for a moment to a university whose name is less familiar on 

 modern lips, but whose memory, like that of one or two other uni- 

 versities, I love to recall in season. The Julius University of Helm- 

 stadt had in its day been well endowed by its founder, Duke Julius of 

 Brunswick, and his high-minded son Duke Henry Julius, who, like 

 many princes of their age, regarded their universities as the most 

 precious of their possessions, and (if one may so say) as the best of 

 their investments. At the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries, 

 Helmstadt was, next to Wittenberg and Leipzig, the best "fre- 

 quented " of the Universities of Northern Germany, and was more 

 especially sought out for their sons (like Gottingen in after days) by 

 the great men of the land. In the years immediately preceding the 

 Great War, the number of its students reached its greatest height, 

 and George Calixtus was already a member of its theological faculty. 

 If ever any one teacher has deserved to be called the glory of his 

 university, such was Calixtus, who through great times of evil, till 

 he remained all but the single academical teacher within its deserted 

 halls, held out by her. Then, indeed, he was 2^rofessor controversiarum 

 without anyone to say him nay ! For my part, there is no figure in 

 the history of learning that I regard with deeper reverence than that 

 of Calixtus, the personification of the principles of peace and toler- 

 ance in the midst of a generation bent upon persecution, tire and 



