1012] on the Use of Pedigrees. 473 



and stature (Slide No. 22). As a general result we may say that 

 the characters of the Northern race are purest in the north-east, and 

 those of the Mediterranean race in the south-west, and especially m 

 South Wales and Cornwall. In these regions they took over the 

 language and culture of the extinct broad-headed Celts. 



Taking the country as a whole, it seems that the upper classes 

 tend to he taller and fairer, and city dwellers tend to be shorter and 

 darker, than the average, and we may ask whether this latter fact 

 does not mean that our industrial and urban life is more favourable 

 to the Mediterranean type of our people than to the Northern. But 

 it is worth noting that on the Continent, where the Alpine race 

 exists, it is found to be still less adapted to urban life than the 

 Teutonic type. 



In England, then, it seems likely that the characters of the 

 southern race are tending to increase. By a study of the " Dictionary 

 of National Biography," Havelock Ellis has found reason to believe 

 that the characteristic genius of men of ability who come from 

 different parts of the country shows differences which follow the 

 racial divisions. The Anglo-Dane has great mathematical power, 

 hence Caml)ridge, which in early days drew chiefly from the north 

 and east became the home of mathematics and physical science. The 

 south-west counties and the Welsh border breed a genius which is 

 predominantly literary and philosophic — hence the character of Oxford. 

 Broadly, it is a matter of race, and mental qualities follow the physical. 

 A growth in the Mediterranean elements in our people, as measured 

 by their physical qualities, then, would tend to favour their mental 

 character also, to produce a quick emotional temperament, as against 

 the slower but more strenuous and rational Teutonic character. 



The movement to the towms has been going on for more than a 

 century, l)ut in the last forty years another phenomenon has appeared, 

 perhaps of even more social importance. The voluntary restriction 

 of the birth-rate began to affect statistics about the year 1875, and 

 has gone on increasing ever since. In all ranks of life it affects the 

 thrifty and far-seeing more than the casual and reckless, and it is 

 specially marked among the skilled artizans and in the upper and 

 professional classes. Here again we have a weighting of the scales 

 in favour of somewhat similar qualities to those which we found 

 predominantly associated with city life. 



It seems likely then, if present tendencies continue, that, as the 

 years pass on, observation may show that on the average our people 

 will become continually shorter in stature, darker in colouring, more 

 emotional, and less rational and persevering. The Northern race 

 will tend to become merged in the Mediterranean stock. 



Now it seems that there is some evidence to show that twice at least 

 before in the history of the world a somewhat similar process has 

 gone on. " The glory that was Greece, and the power that was 

 Rome," are the most striking phenomena of the ancient world. And 



