1012] on Lord Lister. 559 



of extended and more definite patliolop:ic^nl knowledfje, the field of 

 (greatest snr<jjical activity has been tlie abdomen — Al)dominal Snro:ery, 

 as we now know it, has been created. Tens of thousands — possibly 

 millions — of human lives have been saved in thi>s field alone, and the 

 amount of pain and discomfort alleviated has been enormous. 



Sur<;eons of all countries have contributed to this beneficent 

 result, and have vied one with another in restoring: health and 

 comfort to the community, thus addins? o^reatly to the economic 

 prosperity of the nations. 



Compound fractures, so fatal in pre-Listerian days, were not 

 only robbed of their fatality, but surg-eons became emboldened to 

 make compound fractures for the rectification of mal-formation of 

 the limbs. 



Compound fractures, under the heading of Osteotomies, have 

 lieen performed aseptically in thousands, occasionally as many as 

 10 osteotomies having been performed on one patient at one time 

 with an almost uniformly excellent result —the liones healing asep- 

 tically. A portion of bone which has been fractured and displaced 

 may be removed, placed in aseptic solution, pared, re-arranged and 

 returned to its proper place in the body, where it will live and 

 grow, and become restored to its functional use. Defects in the 

 bone of one person may be made up by grafting on a portion of 

 l)one removed from another. A transplanted bone may be divided 

 into little pieces, and a mosaic work of new bone may be placed in 

 another animal to restore defects. 



Asepsis, along with better knowledge of the physics of the 

 pleura, has enabled surgeons to penetrate into the lungs and to 

 remove therefrom pathological products, with a gratifying amount 

 of success. Portions of lung have been removed, and several times 

 the whole of one lung has been successfully taken away— the patients 

 still continuing to enjoy life, working for their own living, and one, 

 at least, for that of his family. 



Aseptic Surgery has enabled operations upon the brain to be 

 safely undertaken, and Brain Surgery has kept pace with the localiza- 

 tion of cerebral function. Its further development rests with the 

 increase of precise data on that subject. Direct experiment on the 

 brains of lower animals — thanks to Ferrier, who was one of the 

 first to perform them — furnished excellent data on the localization 

 of the motor functions, but information as to the localization of the 

 higher intellectual functions must be gathered by patient clinical 

 observation. 



The discerning eye and the discriminating sense guiding the 

 educated finger with its softness and lightness of touch have, under 

 asepsis, carried out many operative procedures on diseased brains, 

 where the tangled skeins of that delicate fabric have been unravelled. 



Considering the delicacy of the organ, and the fact that in many 



