The economists' assumption of human rational- 

 ity forces the social-political ordering into 

 the same ordering as economics. The more 

 reality deviates from this ordering the more 

 the economic conclusions must be altered by 

 subsequent ad hoc social and political con- 

 siderations. 



This can be extended to multiple use issues 

 as well. Often we treat the fishery as if it were 

 the only user of the resource. Future regu- 

 latory organizations will have to incorporate 

 such considerations directly and this will affect 

 the design of these organizations. 



Rettig adds to the mounting chorus warning 

 of the social implications of certain fisheries 

 management plans. He suggests that these 

 may lead us to actually restructure the ob- 

 jectives of these plans. Absence of these con- 

 siderations may be one reason for our failure 

 to initiate revised management programs. 

 Other reasons for failure may be the present 

 existence of a severe divergence between the 

 objectives of administrators and researchers, 

 incompletely specified models, or the mere 

 absence of sufficient educational programs. 



Regarding the incorrectly specified models 

 Rettig makes the intriguing observation that 

 market imperfections on the buyers* side could 

 alter the optimum solution. Ignoring this 

 fact would actually result in a further mis- 

 allocation of resources. He suggests a further 

 evaluation of inter-market linkages before 

 making irreversible management steps. 



Additional issues which must be faced are 

 the multispecies management problems and 

 the absence of a reasonable discount rate in 

 the sustainable yield curve. This relates to 

 some degree to his final conclusion that we 

 must include so many diverse factors that in 

 the end our "theory" may be useless. Never- 

 theless, like many others as well as partici- 

 pants at this workshop, he can see no other 

 alternative but to follow this course unless 

 we intend to ignore realism and the needs 

 of fishery administrators. 



In the last of four general papers on the 

 issues in fishery management, Crutchfield re- 

 views the inputs to fishery modeling work 

 now developing for four Pacific Northwest 

 fisheries: anchovy, salmon, king crab, and 

 halibut. 



These models have three basic components: 

 economics, biology, and law. In the economics 

 portion the cost and earnings and profit and 

 loss statements for representative vessels are 

 developed, related to certain catch rates, tech- 

 nological factors and market conditions (pro- 

 duct price, interest rate, alternative employ- 

 ment). By this manner the complete operation 

 of vessels in the selected fisheries can be speci- 

 fied and from this it is possible to construct 

 an exit-entry function which would relate to 

 changes in these economic variables, indepen- 

 dently, or as affected by biological and/or 

 legal variables. 



The biological elements of this model include 

 gross stock parameters and a yield-effort 

 function which generates catch rates, these 

 serving as direct input into both the economic 

 model and into population dynamics compo- 

 nents of the biological model. In the case of 

 the salmon fishery separate, though similar 

 models, are developed for five different stocks 

 at ten locations, a 50-cell matrix. Any per- 

 tinent species interactions are also included. 



The legal portion of this model specifies 

 the existing regulatory structure which may 

 determine the components of both the biological 

 and economic models, determining what is fished 

 for, when, how, and to what extent. As in 

 other portions of the model, alternative legal 

 sti-uctures will be posited to allow for alterna- 

 tive patterns of resource utilization. 



The ultimate purpose of this model is to 

 take a complete interdisciplinary approach 

 to fisheries management. Alternative manage- 

 ment programs will be specified. Among these 

 an optimum plan will be identified, with the 

 sequence of steps which would most effective- 

 ly lead toward this plan. In its most extensive 

 form this model will consider multiple species 

 management cases such as anchovy-mackerel - 

 tuna in California and salmon-tuna-crab- 

 halibut of the Pacific northwest. As empha- 

 sized by Crutchfield, in its present form the 

 model emphasizes the multidisciplinary nature 

 of the management problem and will readily 

 incorporate many of the suggestions made 

 at this workshop. 



A. A. S. 



