ISSUES RELATED TO FISHERY MANAGEMENT: 

 RESEARCH RESULTS 



In the final section concerning other issues 

 related to fishery management, the first paper 

 by Holmsen summarizes the results of his study 

 of the Peruvian anchoveta fishery. His is veiy 

 much an applied study, for he is interested in 

 indicating the critical components of what they 

 have done in the past, the faults that may exist, 

 and an evaluation of alternative management 

 programs. 



By his measure the current excess capacity 

 in the fleet should be reduced by 14-38% depend- 

 ing upon the biological or social constraints 

 imposed (length of closed season). Alternative 

 plans which might correct this situation are 

 reviewed, including: 



(1) restrictions on fleet size. 



(2) government purchase of scrap fleet, the 

 cost to be covered by an assessment on the 

 remainder of the fleet; new entry would be 

 restricted simultaneously. 



(3) require private scrapping to permit new 

 private construction — a scrapping ratio. 



(4) tie fleet size to licensed capacity of fac- 

 tories. 



(5) a quota system with variable, long-lived 

 shares allocated via an auction system. 



As there is excess capacity at the processing 

 level also this becomes part of the consideration. 

 Possible controls here would be (1) reducing 

 licensing capacity leading to forced insolvency, 

 (2) government purchase of plants, or (3) trans- 

 ferable factoi-y quotas. 



Holmsen recommends a combination program 

 including both levels. Emphasized would be a 

 high scrap/rebuild ratio and lifting the debt 

 moratorium on plants. 



In the paper by Thompson, Callen, and Wolken 

 the Thompson and George model, as previously 

 referred to, is expanded to account for income 

 taxes and depreciation. Emphasizing the desire 

 for survival as a key decision element the 

 authors apply this model to sample firms in the 

 Gulf shrimp fishery, using alternative sets of 

 price and landings data. The critical nature of 

 each decision variable is noted for each set of 

 inputs. 



Anderson, Connolly, Halter, and Longhurst 

 present another version of a simulation approach 



to evaluation of management alternatives, 

 relating experience in the management of deer 

 population subject to different hunting strategies 

 defined by alternative sets of regulations. 



Some interesting general methodological 

 points are made in this paper. Among these is 

 the stress on the iterative-feedback elements of 

 the simulator. By stressing this mechanism in 

 fisheries we could obtain a continuing evaluation 

 of the quality of the input in addition to the 

 quantitative dimensions of alternative programs. 

 Thus, a type of continuing sensitivity analysis 

 can be performed on such items as estimates of 

 MSY, alternative measures of fishing power, 

 the existence of diminishing returns, social 

 transfer costs, and alternative discount rates. 



As does Adam, the authors consider biological 

 issues to be the essence of first generation models. 

 Second generation models would include eco- 

 nomics and other considerations. This differs 

 somewhat from Pontecorvo, who would have 

 biology and economics as first and second 

 generation models, respectively, and other con- 

 siderations as part of third generation models. 



A final element of general interest is the use 

 of a random number generator to create an 

 array of "forage factors." This would be a 

 method of considering the many combinations of 

 environmental factors that affect recruitment in 

 fish stocks. In particular, as Pontecorvo suggests, 

 there may be tradeoffs between levels of accuracy 

 and the costs of these levels. This analysis 

 could be performed within a complete simulated 

 fishery system with the aid of this generator. 



The paper by Stevens and Mattox is actually 

 a report on two separate, but related studies, 

 one on the economics of salmon hatchery opera- 

 tions and the other on the supply response of 

 fishing vessels (boats) to changes in catch/effort 

 ratios and market conditions. The hatcheries 

 issue is one which has achieved little attention 

 in the economics literature and is timely con- 

 sidering the growth in salmon hatcheries and 

 the increasing research and development work 

 being conducted for other species. 



That these hatcheries programs are critical 

 to the overall management plans is a patently 



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