Paper 2 



already chilled surface waters of the northern Pacific^ with a 

 core seasonal anomaly of -5.3F (-2.9C) developing south of 

 Kamchatka. To the south of this cell/^ westerlies still continued 

 to flow vi9orously over a restricted sector of the North Pacific* 

 out the broad coast-to-coast sweep of weste r I i e s--so 

 characteristic of recent years--was no Longer in operation. 

 Instead* the anomalous tenaency was for strong northward flow in 

 the eastern Pacific between the mid-Pacific trough and its 

 response ridqe downstream over the American west coast. Already 

 encouraged perhaps by the preexisting distribution of surface 

 temperature anomaly in the easternmost Pacific* which by late 

 summer had featured a strong northward twist of isotherms and an 

 intense anomaly gradient offshore (Fig. 2.4)^ this southerly 

 airflow was responsible for a further rapid northward extension 

 of warming along the American seaboard* with reduced transfer of 

 sensible and latent heat from the ocean and suppressed coastal 

 upwelling (MeLson* Paper 6). The 1970*s thus far had been 

 typified by abnormally warm surface temperatures in the east 

 central Pacific surrounded by cool conditions eastward around the 

 American seaboard. Now* with the cold waters of the northern 

 Pacific becoming encircled to the east by warming at the coast* 

 the SST anoaaly distribution for the eastern Pacific as a whole 

 came more closely to resemble conditions of the 1960's than those 

 of the 1970's just described. 



In ke 

 CO Ld-s 

 Amer i c 

 the c 

 North 

 the c 

 coasts 

 fourth 

 ridge* 

 over n 

 Gu If o 

 ( W a g n e 

 z one a 

 i ntens 

 1976) . 

 once m 

 Gulf o 



eping 

 ea son 

 a and 

 ondi t 

 Ame ri 

 ent ra 

 * br i 

 of 

 a V i 

 ort he 



lex 



19 



the 



st 



As 



lor e d 



f Mex 



wit 

 reg 



CO I d 

 i on s 

 c a w a 

 I an 

 ngi ng 

 t he c 

 gor ou 

 r n Me 

 i CO s 

 7 7) * 



ALla 

 orms 

 the r 

 e ve lo 

 i CO a 



h the 

 i me of 



in th 

 of the 

 s able 

 d ea s 



ext re 

 ount ry 

 s low 

 x i c o a 

 torm t 



while 

 nt i c s 



and 

 esu 1 1 

 ped an 

 nd wes 



se de 



warm a 



e west 



1960's 



to di r 



tern s t 



me low 



D epr 

 lati tud 

 nd t he 

 rack ea 



the 

 eaboar d 

 St rong 

 of t he s 

 d exten 

 tern At 



ve lopm 

 i r tern 

 also s 

 . The 

 ec t a 

 at e s a 

 temper 

 essed 

 e bran 

 sout he 

 r lier 

 est abl 

 cont r 

 w i nds 

 e Chan 

 ded ec 

 lant i c 



ent s 

 per a 

 how e 



pe r 

 Chi I 

 s fa 

 atu r 

 sout 

 ch o 

 rn U 

 in t 

 i shm 

 ibut 

 of 

 ges * 

 ros s 



(Fi 



tu re 

 d si 

 s i st 

 I no 

 r as 

 es t 

 h of 

 f th 

 ni te 

 he s 

 ent 

 ed t 

 f s ho 

 col 

 the 

 a. 2 



the 

 s in 

 gns 

 ent 

 r the 



the 

 o a I 



nor 

 e j e 

 d St 

 e aso 

 of a 

 o th 

 re ( 

 d s 



sur 

 .5). 



lo 



the 



of 

 ridg 

 r ly 



Gul 

 I bu 

 mal 

 t st 

 a tes 

 n t 



str 

 e d 

 Dick 

 ur f a 

 face 



ng-e s 



east 



reve 



e ove 



ai rf 



f and 



t the 



by th 



ream 



act i 

 han 

 ong b 

 evelo 

 son a 

 ce c 

 w at e 



tabl 



of 

 rt in 



r we 

 low 

 Atl 

 we 

 e we 

 at 2 

 vat e 

 i s 



aroc 

 pmen 

 nd N 

 ondi 

 rs o 



i shed 

 North 

 g to 

 ste rn 

 o ve r 

 ant i c 

 stern 

 stern 

 OC mb 

 d t he 

 usual 

 I i n i c 

 t of 

 ami as 

 t i ons 

 f the 



Finally* Figure 2.6 presents the mean annual distribution of 

 SST' anomaly (degrees F) over both the North Pacific and North 

 Atlantic Oceans in 1976 and provides a good general summary of 



^SST anomalies for the Atlantic sector were provided by D. R. 

 i^cLain* Pacific Environmental Group* NI^FS* NCAA* Monterey* CA 

 93940. 



25 



