P ape r 7 



of Lishioa iQtoclQiat ion . 



The anomalies showed that wind speeds were lower and heat gained 

 the ocean was much higher in 1976 than in the previous two 

 reased wind speeds along with occurrence of warm/' 



by 

 years 



The dec 



moist air resulted in less evaporation and sensible heat loss 

 andr con sequeat ly / more heat retention by the ocean (Table 7.2). 

 Decreased wind speeds also permitted more stratification in the 

 ocean and thus a greater positive surface temperature anomaly 

 from thp excess heat aain. 



from the excess heat gain. 



The major characteristics 

 Table 7.2 are; 



of anomalies which stand out 



1 n 



1) In both quadrangles there was a month to month consistency 

 of heat exchange anomalies in 1976/ particularly as compared 

 with 19 74. The same consistency occurred in the anomalies 

 of w i nd speed . 



2) Above normal retention of heat by the ocean because of 

 reduced evaporation was the major component in 1976. Above 

 normal incoming radiation and Lower flux of sensible heat 

 were secondary terms. Year to year changes of effective 

 back radiation were relatively sitalL. 



3) The total heat flux anomaly in 1976/ the anomaly from 

 decreased evaporation/ and the wind speed anomaly were 

 larger in magnitude in the area to the north of the route 

 (upcurrent) than in the immediate area of the XBT observa- 

 t ions . 



The data presented in Table 7.2 indicated that processes (heat 

 exchange and vertical mixing) prev/iously considered small as 

 compared with advective processes ./ere/ at least partially/ 

 responsible for the late 1976 reversal of the relation of 

 salinity anomalies to temperature anoTialies observed in 1972-75. 

 We are mindful that this argument is based on the assumption that 

 the salinity anomalies resulted from advection and that the 

 temperature anomalies were atypical. It is not immediately 

 apparent how one could interpret the data if the temperature 

 anomalies were assumed to be advective and it were necesssary to 

 explain the salinity anomalies as atypical. 



83 



