6 Georgina Sweet : 



obtain any evidence of their occurrence in this animal in either Java 

 or Sumatra. 



In the Karibouw, or water buffalo (Bos bubalis), worm-nests are 

 well known to both Dr. Sohns and Mr. Hellemans. They occur at 

 Kediri in Java, and also in Sumatra, always in the skin of the 

 animal. Unfortunately I have not as yet been able to obtain any 

 specimens suitable to determine whether the worm-nodules found in 

 this constant position in the buffalo, belong to the same or a different 

 species from 0. c/ibsoiri. Macroscopically no difference whatever 

 has been seen in specimens from the two positions in Bos taunts and 

 Bos bubalis in Java. 



Inquiries were made with regard to the general conditions of 

 those places from which the infected cattle come, and as to the 

 animals found there which might possibly act as intermediate hosts T 

 if such be necessary for the completion of the life history. In Java,. 

 Sumatra, and Bali all areas carrying infested cattle are similar ia 

 being low-lying and swampy, or flat, with much stationary water, 

 and, as might be expected under those conditions, mosquitoes are 

 very numerous- Biting flies do not seem to be especially frequent. 



Although not immediately concerned with the object of the present 

 investigation into forms found in the connective tissues, it is of 

 interest, to remember the existence of tAvo kinds of filarial worms in 

 the aortic Avails of bovines in these regions, viz.. Onchocerca 

 armillata, Raill. et Henry. 1909, and Elaeophora ( = Filaria) poeli 

 (B. Vryburg. 1897). The former, which lies sinuously beneath the 

 lining epithelium of the aorta of cattle (Bos indicus), has been 

 recorded by Railliet and Henry (1903, and 1912, p. 117), from 

 Sumatra {vide infra also). The latter. E. poeli, forms tumours in 

 the walls of the aortae, containing the head of the female worm and 

 one or more males, the remainder of the female worm floating about 

 in the direction of the bloodflow. It has been recorded already by 

 B. Vryburg (1897^, and by Railliet and Henry (1912, p. 115), from 

 the aorta of the Buffalo (Bos bubalis), and rarely of cattle (Bo* 

 indicus) from Sumatra, and it was quoted to me also from Java. 



Pacific Islands. 



As time did not permit me to visit the Philippine Islands, en- 

 quiries were made from the Bureau of Science at Manila, in reply 

 to which the Director of the Bureau reported that " Onchocerciasis is 

 not endemic in the Philippine Islands. It has been found in cattle 

 shipped from Australia for slaughter in the Philippines, but no 

 case has been reported in native cattle or carabaos." 



