Onchocerciasis in Cattle and Associated Animals. 



around the worm and in the connective tissue, but also in a vein 

 in the wall of the same nodule. In this case, the larvae were quite 

 probably those of 0. gibsoni, but may have been carried by the 

 knife into the vein space, in sections of a whole nodule, so that 

 one cannot accept either statement as proof of the occurrence of the 

 larvae of this worm in the bloodstream. 



Helleinans was also able to find these nodules in Sumatra, when 

 the more thorough meat inspection was instituted at Padang in 

 1904 — but, strangely enough, after his experience of finding them 

 in Java in the brisket almost entirely, here in Sumatra he was 

 unable to find them in that location, detecting them in 25 per cent, 

 of cows, and then in the stifle only. 



Regarding Bali, nodules have also been seen in the brisket, and 

 lately on the flanks of cattle imported into Batavia from Bali, but 

 no work has been done on the island itself. 



In cattle imported into Soerabaja from Madura, nodules arc so 

 far unknown. 



Nothing whatever is known of Lombok or Timor in this connec- 

 tion, and the infrequent communication rendered any attempt on 

 my part to visit these islands impossible. 



The term " cattle " used above undoubtedly includes Bos taurm 

 from Europe, and Australia, and locally bred; and probably also 

 pure-bred and hybrid Bos indicus. This term has been used here 

 because of the difficulty of determining the absence of admixture 

 even in so-called pure-bred cattle of either species; and it must be 

 remembered that there is still some question as to the amount of 

 interbreeding: which may have taken place l>etween those two domesti- 

 cated races in Java, as authorities there are very conflicting on the 

 point. 



It was naturally a point of some interest to discover whether the 

 nodules were present in the pure bred descendants to the humped 

 cattle or Zebus (Bos indicus). which had been imported from India 

 (Bengal), and also in any known hybrids with the ordinary cattle. 

 (Bos taurus). I was informed thai these nodules had not so far 

 been seen in these pure-bred Bos indicus, nor in any of their 

 hybrids, except as was stated by De Does, that he had seen them " in 

 such hybrids in parts of West Java (where there are very few cattle), 

 along the midline of the sternum, especially in animals of ■!-'■', 



vears. 



Naturally also, the Bantin or native ox of Java (Box banteng) 

 forms a possible host for these worm-nodules, but I was unable to 



1 But see Addendum 2. 



