\ Georgina Sweet; 



be seen. As their name indicates, they are invariably to be found, 

 when not working or feeding, wallowing in water-pools and cover- 

 ing themselves with mud. 



The Malay Archipelago. 



As already mentioned, the presence of "worm nodules" in the 

 muscles of cattle in Java bad already been noted and recorded by 

 De Decs and others, who have regarded them as being Onchocerca 



- i a i . 



While in Java. 1 had opportunities of conference with a number 

 oi Veterinary Surgeons, some of whom were able to throw a certain 

 amount of light on the question, and. further, the authorities of 

 the Government Veterinary School at Buitenzorg were good enough 

 to undertake to make enquiries throughout the Dutch possessions in 

 this archipelago in order to determine the range, hosts, and 

 Central conditions governing the occurrence ^i these nodules; so 

 that it is hoped further information on these points may be 

 forthcoming later. 1 



The nodules were first discovered by .Mr. Hellemans in cattle 

 in 1901 at Kediri (S.W. of Soerabaja), when a thorough meat 

 inspection hist began there, and have been constantly found 

 there since, and in other parts of the valley of the River Brantas, 

 such as Toelengagoeng, Blitar, and Pare, and at Rembang. Sloeke, 

 and Madioen. Statistics given of their occurrence vary from 40 per 

 cent, by earlier observers to SO or even 90 per cent, of carcases 

 later, an increase possibly due to greater familiarity with their 

 existence and appearance. They are almost invariably found near 

 the mid-line of the sternum, sometimes in considerable numbers, 

 e.g.. from 20 to occasionally 40 per carcase, and Hellemans re- 

 ports having seen them rarely, in the stifle. Since the cattle are 

 never killed until too old or weak to work, the nodules are unknown 

 by post mortem examination except in 6, 7. or even up to 10 year- 

 old animals, the worms being generally dead, and most of them 



is ous or much calcified, though it is stated by one observer 

 that one may And a " very small young nodule beside the calcified 

 ones. " 



He Docs reported to me having seen filarial larvae in blood- 

 smears of infected animals, but admits that they may have been 

 those of some filarial worm other than Onchocerca gibsoni, such as 

 aortic filariae, etc. He has also seen larvae " not only in the tunnels 



Iddeodum -2. 



