\S6 Givynneth Buchanan : 



1 am inclined to agree with Cullen in placing the spindle granules 

 of birds as eosinophile forms just as the spindle granules of the cat 

 .are described under that heading by Burnett. (Goodatt (8) also re- 

 marks that neutrophile cells are absent in the fowl, their place 

 being taken by eosinophils, with oxyphilic spindles.) 4. Ma^t cells. 



F ant ham (5) distinguishes, in the normal blood of the grouse (a), 

 Erythrocytes, among which he finds normal cells, cells without 

 nuclei, and erythroblasts — evils which are rounder and have more 

 spherical nuclei than the ordinary form, and whose cytoplasm 

 stains blue with Giemsa. 



(b) Leucocytes, under which he puts — 1. Lymphocytes, both large 

 .and small, the large variety merging into small mononuclears. 1 

 2. Large mononuclears, whose protoplasm is basophil, staining 

 deeply with Giemsa, and less darkly with Jenner. •"!. Polymor- 

 phonuclear leucocytes (Burnett), or crystalloid eosinophil cells 

 (Cullen, Warthin). 4. Eosinophile leucocytes (Burnett) or coarsely 

 granular eosinophile (oxyphile) cells. 5. Mast cells (coarsely 

 granular basophile cells). • >. Thrombocytes, which suggest very 

 narrow and slightly small erythrocytes. The whole cell is basophile 

 in its reactions, staining rather faintly blue with .Tenner's stain. 



Gruiier (14) gives a classification of the human blood cells based 

 on biological principles, and. following this, a valuable summary 

 of the work done on their comparative cytology, together with an 

 exhaustive bibliography. Deriving all blood corpuscles from the 

 primordial cell he describes various forms in both normal and 

 pathological blood : — 1, Bed Cells, which are only present in verte- 

 brates, and may be divided into — (a) orthochromatic, (b) poly- 

 chromatic, and (e) megaloblasts. Platelets are absent where the 

 red cells are nucleated. Spindle cells occur in all vertebrates 

 below mammals, and are pear-shaped, or almond-shaped plaques, 

 which in birds are sometimes regarded as identical with tlm 

 mammalian thrombocytes, and physiologically have the same func- 

 tion as the platelets. 2. Lymphocytes, uninuclear, basophile, non- 

 granular cells, which may be divided int..— (a i small, and (b) large 

 lymphocytes, and (c) large mononuclear cells, with transitional 

 forms between the two former and the latter, ami characteristic 

 of infra-mammalian species. 3, Large mononuclear cells, which 

 are of two types -(a) lymphoid, ami (b) granular, and which are 

 preseid in all animals in which blood may be detected. They 



I In this connection we must not,' Erhlich's statement that in human Mood there arc no transi- 

 tional i. .mi. between lymphoc^tes-and mononuclears. This raises tin- question ;.* to the homo] 

 i.\ ..i iii~ forms in the various groups of animal. 



