354 



Georgtna Sweet 



there is simply no innominate vein, is seen in a case (see Text 

 fi<.^ure 8) in which the subscapular vein entered the mandibular 



Abnormal precaval venous system of Hijla 



/lyC aurea. 



(Keference letters as in Text-figure 5). 



/vo- 3 



juft before the latter was joined by the lintrual vein — the 

 internal jugfular uniting with the external jupular and sub- 

 clavian to form the anterior vena cava. On the other hand, 

 it is a comparatively common ocourrence to find the subscapular 

 vein entering at any point of the subclavian vein. 



The internal jugular vein itsielf occasionally shows a; curious 

 branching (see Test figure 5). In addition to its usual branches- 

 in the head, it sometimes reiceives two very large dorsal or 

 vertebral veins, and in addition, in two examples, these were 

 joined by a very large vessel coming from the roof of the 

 ooKophagus. In one case, this originated in a large plexus. 

 Tliis takes place on each side of the body, this oesophageal vein 

 iiinning ventral to the brachial nerve and subclavian artery, 

 and dorsal to the subscapular and subclaivian veins. 



^^ith the exception of the variations mentioned above, the 

 subclavian veins do not show any marked abnormalities. In 

 one instance, however, a vein arising from the oesophageal 

 wall, entered the subclavian vein, instead of going further for- 

 ward to the internal jugular vein, as described above. It is 

 also quite a common occurrence to find one, or often two 

 vessels from the coraooid region entering the subclavian vein at 

 varying distances along its length. 



The Posterior Vena Cava appears free fnun variations. 



The Portal Systems are also fairly constant in tlieir arrange- 

 ment. A few abnormalitiee, however, may occasionally be 

 found, e.g., an extra renal portal vein on one or both sides, a 



