Anafomij of H ijht aarea. 355 



looping of the femoral vein just before its division into renal 

 portal and pelvic veins, or a plexus with large or small vessels 

 ai" tlio same part. In two specimens I came across a curious 

 condition of the anterior abdominal vein, which, though full of 

 blood posteriorly, stopped short, in one case, half way along its 

 lei.'utli, in the other somewhat further forward. In neither 

 iu(livi(hial therefore, was the blood able to pass fonvards to the 

 liver in the usual direct manner from this vessel, nor was 

 I able to find aiTiy abnormal communication with other vessels. 



II. -Spinal Nerves. 



Since the publication of my previous paper on the Variations 

 of the Spinal Nerves of this form, some i&sv additional points 

 have come to light, although in the main there is nothins" fresh. 



I am adhering to the numeration of the nerves in this pre- 

 vious paper for the sake of easier comparison thereiwith. 



//. — The Hypoglossal. — The muscular branches of this nerve 

 vary considerably in their point of origin. Sometimes they 

 arise much closer to the vertetoral column than at others, and 

 then often by a single large brainch which can be easily seen 

 without dissection. This, later, breaks up into the branches 

 .supplying the several muscles. This has been much more 

 conspicuous this year than usual. The hypoglossal is usually a 

 moderately thin nerve, but in one instance noted it was as 

 large as the brachial nerve, which, however, was much smaller 

 than usual. Here, also, a large additional coraco-clavicular 

 nerve was given off from the hypoglossal. 



This year there has been a marked tendency to a duplicating 

 or splitting of the spinal nerves either as, or before they leave 

 the spinal canal. This is true in a few cases of the hypoglossal, 

 the two parts running side by side and each branching in the 

 normal manner. 



///.• — The Brachial is very constant, though the same loop- 

 ing seeaa in the veins this year is seen in this nerve also, ia a 

 few instances. In one or two of these, the Ilnd nerve fused 

 with one pai't of the loop, leaving it agadn before the junction. 



IV. — In one instance IV. was equal in size to III., and the 

 two completely fused together just after the coraco-clavicular 

 had been given off. This is evidently an exaggeration of the 



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