136 N. R. Junner: 



Scotchman's Creek, near Warburton, and elsewhere. About tlnee 

 miles north of Steel's Creek, an apparently extrusive mass of 

 rhyolite is traversed by quartz veins carrying abundant stibnite, 

 which is auriferous in places. 



3.— The Caledonia Gold Field. 



A. — History and Production. 



Although now abandoned and unknown to most people, the reefs 

 and alluvial of this field have yielded more gold than the better- 

 known Warrandyte reefs. The gold obtained from the Caledonia 

 field has come almost exclusively from the reefs at One Tree Hill. 

 Panton Hills, and Yow Yow, and from tlie alluvia of the creeks 

 draining these areas. The field was being worked at least as 

 early as 1855, although no official records prior to 1859 are extant. 

 The report of the Mining Surveyor for September, 1859, states that 

 there were 420 miners on this field. In the late fifties and early 

 sixties the One Tree Hill reefs, particularly the Swedish, yielded 

 exceptional returns, but they soon gave place as producers to more 

 consistent reefs like Oram's reef, Panton Hills, and except for 

 occasional very rich yields, later outputs have been unimportant. 

 Oram's reef was a very consistent producer from the time of the 

 discovery in 1859 until about 1885. During this period it averaged 

 three ounces to the ton (a record equalled on very few mining 

 fields), and at the greatest depth reached, the yields were even riche)- 

 than those from the upper workings. By far the greater part of 

 the gold won from Panton Hills came from this line of reef. Such 

 others as the Napoleon reef, Boomer's reef and Doctor's reef, have 

 yielded only a small quota. The reefs at One Tree Hill and Panton 

 Hills, and also those near Queenstown, are all in clo.se proximity 

 to anticlinal fractures, but those at Yow Yow are of a differc^ii 

 type. These reefs occur in the intrusive diorite and in the fractured 

 country rock adjoining the intrusion, and although they have not 

 been so rich as Oram's leef or the Swedish reef, they have never- 

 theless at various times contributed largely towards the district 

 total. Another important asset to this field was the discovery of 

 coarse gold in the alluvium of certain creeks, particularly in those 

 at Happy Valley, Fern Tree Gully, and Whisky Gully, which have 

 their source in One Tree Hill. These creeks affoided remunerative 

 employment to numerous miners for many years, and some fairly 

 large nugget,s (one of them weighing ove»' 100 ozs.) were unearthed. 



